Abstract: The study showed that the cation release of simulated rain caused soil acidification and base ions release.With the decrease of simulated acid rain pH from 5.6 to 2.5,the acid rain?leached soil pH decreased from 6.06 to 3.41,and its total amount of exchange base ions decreased from 56.5 to 41.1 mmol·kg^-1.Spraying simulated acid rain on the shoots of wheat seedlings planted on such acidified soils caused a rapid decrease in the soluble sugar and nitrogen contents of wheat seedlings,and reduced some of their physiological activities.The effect of spraying simulated acid rain on the soluble sugar,nitrogen,and chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate of wheat stems and leaves was larger than that of acidified soil,while the effect of the latter on the soluble sugar and nitrogen contents and the physiological activity of NR and GOGAT in root system of wheat seedlings was larger than that of the former.The intensive acid rain of pH≤3.0 and the corresponding acidified soil had an obvious harm to the growth and physiological activity of wheat seedlings.