Abstract: In this paper,an investigation was made on the bryophytes at different altitudes of West Tianmu Mountain,with their species composition,similarity,and α- and β-diversities.The results showed that at altitude 1 100 m,the bryophytes under deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest species number and richness,and the highest similarity with the bryophytes under deciduous broad-leaved shrub at 1 300 m.The β diversity index at altitude 800～1 100 m was the largest,suggesting an obvious change and alternation of bryophyte species there.At altitude 1 100 m,the species diversity of bryophytes was the highest,where should be the key area for bryophyte diversity conservation in West Tianmu Mountain.