Abstract: In order to enhance the soil water-retaining capacity of slope farmland and reduce its soil and water loss, a field study was conducted in 2007-2010 to examine the effects of strip planting and fallow rotation on the soil water regime, soil and water loss characteristics, and water use efficiency of a 10°-15° slope farmland in the arid area of southern Ningxia, Northwest China. Compared with the traditional nostrip planting, strip planting and fallow rotation increased the soil water content in 0-200 cm layer significantly, with an increment of 4.9%-7.0%. Strip planting and fallow rotation pattern could also effectively conserve the soil water in rain season, and obviously improve the soil water regime at crops early growth stages. As compared to nostrip planting, strip planting and fallow rotation increased the soil water content in 0-200 cm layer by 5.4%-8.5%, decreased the surface runoff by 0.7-3.2 m³·hm^-2, sediment runoff by 0.2-1.9 t·hm^-2, and soil total N loss by 42.1%-73.3%, while improved the crop water use efficiency by 6.1%-24.9% and the precipitation use efficiency by 6.3%-15.3%.