Sexual and asexual propagation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia natural populations in different habitats and their importance in population regeneration were studied. The results showed that X. sorbifolia populations were capable of the sexual and asexual propagation in 3 slope aspects, but a balance between the two propagation modes was observed. In sunny and semishady slope habitats, seedling amount and spaceoccupying competence were relatively high, suggesting that the sexual propagation was dominant. In semisunny slope habitat, the populations were superior in sexual sprout amount and spaceoccupying competence, suggesting that the predominant propagation mode was asexual. In the same habitats, asexual sprouts grew better than seedlings, while the growth of seedlings was in the order of sunny slope＞semisunny slope＞semishady slope on the basis of the same origin. The bottleneck stage appeared from seeds to seedlings for sexual propagation and from seedling to ramet for asexual propagation. X. sorbifolia invaded and settled in a way of sexual propagation in new habitats, and then rapidly occupied habitat space in a way of asexual propagation.