Abstract: In this study, the contents of ten metalloid/heavy metals (As, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cr) in soil samples collected from three sections including the central UrumqiAkesu, eastern BlikunYiwu and western ZhaosuTekesi in Tianshan Mountains were determined, and their sources were identified by using typical statistical and multivariate statistical methods. The potential ecological risks of these heavy metals were assessed by employing pollution index method, potential ecological risk index and the background values of Tianshan Mountains, and Xinjiang, and also the Second National Standard of the Soil Qualities of China. The results showed that the contents of the heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, Hg, Cu, Mn Zn and Cr) and metalloid As were all higher than the soil background values of the Tianshan Mountain or Xinjiang, and their variation coefficients belonged to the medium variation. In general, the contents of the ten metalloid/heavy metals in the soil of Tianshan Mountains were low. Principal component analysis showed that the ten metalloid/heavy metals could be identified as two principal components, among which PC1 (Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn and Zn) could be seen as ‘human influence sources factor’, PC2 (Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and As) as ‘natural sources factor’. Mn and As had larger loads both in PC1 and PC2, and they could be coinfluenced by human and natural sources. The pollution assessment showed that Hg and Cd in central UrumuqiAkesu section and As in western ZhaosuTekesi section were all at alert level, while the other heavy metals in other sections were all at security level. From the comprehensive pollution indices (P_z) of heavy metals, it was found that the ten metalloid/heavy metals in the soils of central UrumqiAkesu section were at low pollution level, but those in the other two sections were at clean level. The potential ecological risk assessment showed that the potential ecological risk coefficient (E_i^r) and the ecological damage index (RI) of Hg and Cd in central UrumqiAkesu section and that of As in western ZhaosuTekesi section were relatively high.