Abstract: In order to understand the diversity and community structure of endophytic bacteria in Tricholoma matsutake, 14 Tricholoma matsutake samples were collected from 7 main production counties of Xiaojin, Yajiang, Muli, Yanyuan, Yanbian, Huidong and Mianning. The entophytic bacterial community structure and diversity were investigated by PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that the diversity and community structure of endophytic bacteria in T. matsutake varied significantly, while those from the environments alike had high similarity. In addition, each T. matsutake sample contained more than 15 species of endophytes, with that from Yanyuan having the highest endophytes diversity index and abundance, while those from Xiaojin were the lowest. Phylogenetic tree showed that endophytic bacterial species in T. matsutake were abundant. Dominant bacterial population in T. matsutake collected from different places varied, and Pseudomonas, Ewingella and Bacillus were distributed in all samples and retained a certain advantage. Alcaligenes and Sphingobacterium distributed in most samples, while Duganella and Lysinibacillus only in certain ones. This study demonstrated that the endophytic bacteria in T. matsutake were abundant and diversified, which could be in favor of searching the dominant bacteria promoting the growth of T. matsutake. 