Abstract: The rice stripe disease is a viral disease transmitted by small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, which outbroke a few years ago in the Yangtze River basin, especially Jiangsu region, China. To study the effects of imidacloprid stress on rice stripe virus (RSV) in rice plants, the rice seedlings were treated with imidacloprid 1, 2, 3 and 4 times (B₁, B₂, B₃ and B₄), respectively, after artificial inoculation by L. striatellus for 48 h, and the expression levels of relative genes including RSV NS3, CP, SP and NSvc4, as well as the protein concentrations of CP and SP were detected at different stages by realtime PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the effects of imidacloprid treatment on the expression levels of four genes were genespecific and correlated with application frequencies of imidacloprid. The expression levels of NS3 gene were upregulated in three treatments, and the highest expression level (10.86) was observed 16 days after inoculation in B₄ treatment, but a significant downregulation of NS3 gene was found in all other treatments. The expression levels of CP, SP and NSvc4 genes were downregulated significantly (0-0.74) in almost all B₂ and B₃ treatments, while a significant upregulation was found in half of B₁ and B₄ treatments, and the highest expression levels of SP gene were observed 16 days after inoculation in B₁ (258.89) and B₄ (730.54) treatment, respectively. On the other hand, the effects of imidacloprid stress on the expression patterns of CP and SP genes were different from those of CP and SP proteins. For example, the expression level of CP gene was almost no expression (0) 19 days after inoculation in B₁ treatment, while significantly upregulated (23.08)   was observed for CP protein.