Abstract: The thickness of surface soil, the covering thickness and the number of adding arbor seeds are all important factors to be considered in the application of soil seed bank (SSB) for vegetation recovery. To determine the optimal conditions, the BoxBehnken central composite design with three parameters and three levels was conducted and DesignExpert was used for response surface optimization. Finally, the optimal model and optimal level of each parameter were selected. The quadratic model was more suitable for response surface optimization (P<0.0001), indicating the model had good statistical significance which could express ideal relations between all the independent variable and dependent variable. For the optimum condition, the thickness of surface soil was 4.3 cm, the covering thickness was 2 cm, and the number of adding arbor seeds was 224 ind·m^-2, under which the number of germinated seedlings could be reached up to 6222 plants·m^-2. During the process of seed germination, significant interactions between the thickness of surface soil and the covering thickness, as well as the thickness of surface soil and the number of adding arbor seeds were found, but the relationship between the covering thickness and the number of adding arbor seeds was relatively unremarkable. Among all the parameters, the thickness of surface soil was the most important one, which had the steepest curve and the largest standardized coefficient.