Prediction of potential distribution area of the spruce forest on the central Tianshan Mountain based on site index.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201608.038

Abstract

Abstract: This paper predicted the potential distribution area of the spruce forest on the central Tianshan Mountain, through determining the site index thresholds, using 3S and spatial modeling technologies to build a site index model with water, heat, terrain and other factors, based on the current site conditions there. The results showed that the potential distribution area simulated by the site index model was not significantly different with the current actual distribution area, but had a significant difference with the non-spruce forest area. Based on the built site index model, there was a large potential distribution area, which occupied 6.4% of the total research area, i.e., 7.01×10³ hm² of forest lower boundary zones, glades, shady and half shady slope areas, and could be used for the future forest development.

DING Cheng-feng, LI Xia, ZHANG Hui-fang, GAO Ya-qi, LI Wei-tao. Prediction of potential distribution area of the spruce forest on the central Tianshan Mountain based on site index.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(8): 2401-2408.

References

[1] Zhao C-Y (赵传燕), Bie Q (别强), Peng H-H (彭焕华). Analysis of the niche space of Picea crassifolia on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2010, 65(1): 113-121 (in Chinese)
[2] Li M-H (李明辉), He F-H (何凤华), Liu Y (刘云), et al. Spatial distribution pattern of tree indivi-duals in the Schrenk spruce forest, Northwest China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2005, 25(5): 1000-1006 (in Chinese)
[3] Zhang Z (张震), Liu P (刘萍), Ding Y (丁易), et al. Species compositions and spatial distribution pattern of tree individuals in the Schrenk spruce forest, Northwest China. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition) (南京林业大学学报: 自然科学版), 2010, 34(5): 157-160 (in Chinese)
[4] Li J-G (李建贵), Pan C-D (潘存德), Liang Y (梁瀛). Spatial distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana population. Journal of Fujian College of Forestry (福建林学院学报), 2001, 21(1): 53-56 (in Chinese)
[5] Zhang Y-T (张毓涛), Li J-M (李吉玫), Chang S-L (常顺利), et al. Spatial distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica population and its relationships with topographic factors in middle part of Tianshan Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(11): 2799-2806 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhang ZD. Predicting the distribution of potential natural vegetation based on species functional groups in fragmented and species-rich forests. Plant Ecology & Evolution, 2013, 146: 261-271
[7] Douma JC, Witte JM, Aerts R, et al. Towards a functional basis for predicting vegetation patterns: Incorporating plant traits in habitat distribution models. Ecography, 2012, 35: 294-305
[8] García-Arias A, Francés F, Morales-De la Cruz M, et al. Riparian evapotranspiration modelling: Model description and implementation for predicting vegetation spatial distribution in semi-arid environments. Ecohydrology, 2014, 7: 659-677
[9] Visser JM, Duke-Sylvester SM, Carter J, et al. A computer model to forecast wetland vegetation changes resulting from restoration and protection in coastal Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research, 2013, 20: 51-59
[10] Tsegaye T, Berhan DG, Ben Z, et al. Satellite-based hybrid drought monitoring tool for prediction of vegetation condition in eastern Africa: A case study for Ethiopia. Water Resources Research, 2014, 50: 2176-2190
[11] Song C-Y (宋创业), Liu H-M (刘慧明), Liu G-H (刘高焕), et al. Applying generalized additive model to integrate digital elevation model and remotely sensed data to predict the vegetation distribution. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2012, 36(10): 1106-1119 (in Chinese)
[12] Li F (李飞), Zhao J (赵军), Zhao C-Y (赵传燕), et al. Simulating and analyzing dynamic changes of potential vegetation in arid areas of Northwest China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2011, 20(4): 42-50 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhang H-T (张海涛), Luo D (罗渡), Mu X-D (牟希东), et al. Predicting the potential suitable distribution area of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in China based on multiple ecological niche models. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(4): 1277-1284 (in Chinese)
[14] Cao X-F (曹向锋), Qian G-L (钱国良), Hu B-S (胡白石), et al. Prediction of potential suitable distribution area of Flaveria bidentis in China based on niche models. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(12): 3063-3069 (in Chinese)
[15] Li X-D (李晓东), Xie G-H (谢国辉), Zhou Z-M (周在明). Forecast of growth status of vegetations in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang based on gray system theory. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2009, 37(5): 17-19 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhu P (朱鹏), Gong P (宫鹏). Suitability mapping of global wetland areas and validation with remotely sensed data. Science China: Earth Sciences (中国科学:地球科学), 2014, 44(8): 1610-1620 (in Chinese)
[17] Wen Z-M (温仲明), Jiao F (焦峰), Jiao J-Y (焦菊英). Prediction and mapping of potential vegetation distribution in Yanhe River catchment in hilly area of Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(9): 1897-1904 (in Chinese)
[18] Zhao C-Y (赵传燕), Feng Z-D (冯兆东), Nan Z-R (南忠仁), et al. Modelling of potential vegetation in Zulihe River Watershed of the west-central Loess Pla-teau. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2007, 62(1): 52-61 (in Chinese)
[19] Yao H-Y (姚海燕), Zhang M (张民). The water management information system for the Urumchi River Basin. Journal of China Hydrology (水文), 2006, 26(2): 78-80 (in Chinese)
[20] Su H-X (苏宏新). Analyzing and Simulating the Growth of Picea schrenkiana Forests in Xinjiang under Global Climate Change. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhe Y-Y (折远洋). Characteristics of Runoff and Its Response to Climate Change at the Alpine Area of Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains. Master Thesis. Lanzhou: Northwest Normal University, 2013 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang D-Q (张东启), Zhou S-Z (周尚哲). Quantitative analysis of the glacial effect on precipitation of gla-cier No.1 at the headwaters of the Urumqi River, Tian-shan Mountains. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (冰川冻土), 2000, 22(3): 243-249 (in Chinese)
[23] Zhang Y-S (张寅生), Kang E-S (康尔泗), Liu C-H (刘朝海). The climatic features of Tianshan Urumqi River valley. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (冰川冻土), 1994, 16(4): 333-341 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang H-J (王红娟). The Application Research on Distributed Snowmelt Runoff Model Based on GIS and RS in Arid Area: Taking Urumqi River as the Example. Master Thesis. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2004 (in Chinese)
[25] Liu Z-L (刘增力), Fang J-Y (方精云), Piao S-L (朴世龙). Geographical distribution of species in genera Abies, Picea and Larix in China. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2002, 57(5): 577-586 (in Chinese)
[26] Guo H-F (郭洪峰), Xu Y-Q (许月卿), Wu Y-F (吴艳芳). Analysis of the land use spatial pattern and spatio-temporal changes based on terrain gradient: A case study of Pinggu District in Beijing. Economic Geography (经济地理), 2013, 33(1): 160-168 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhang R-B (张瑞波), Shang H-M (尚华明), Wei W-S (魏文寿), et al. Differences of tree-ring response to climate between upper and lower treeline in the western Tianshan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan. Desert and Oasis Meteorology (沙漠与绿洲气象), 2013, 7(4): 1-6 (in Chinese)
[28] Wu X-H (吴锡浩). A preliminary study on existing snowline tember line and their relations in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (冰川冻土), 1989, 11(2): 113-124 (in Chinese)
[29] Bai D-Z (白登忠). The Impact Factors of Growth and Regeneration of Picea crassifolia Growing at Timberline in the Qilian Mountains. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2012 (in Chinese)
[30] Liu G-F (刘贵峰), Zang R-G (臧润国), Guo Z-J (郭仲军), et al. Species richness patterns of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica communities along an altitudinal gradient at different longitudes in Xinjiang of Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(7): 1407-1413 (in Chinese)
[31] Lu P (陆平), Yan G-X (严赓雪). Xinjiang Forest. Urumqi: Xinjiang People’s Press, 1989 (in Chinese)
[32] Beven KJ, Kirkby MJ. A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 1979, 24: 43-69
[33] Pei T, Qin CZ, Zhu AX, et al. Mapping soil organic matter using the topographic wetness index: A comparative study based on different flow-direction algorithms and Kriging methods. Ecological Indicators, 2010, 10: 610-619
[34] Wang X-Y (王晓延), Guo Q-S (郭庆胜). A study of the relief shading method based on the DEM. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping (测绘通报), 2003(8): 48-50 (in Chinese)
[35] Zang R-G (臧润国), Liu G-F (刘贵峰), Ayoupu B (巴哈尔古丽·阿尤甫), et al. Geographic variation of cone size of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2009, 45(2): 27-32 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhang Z-C (张志才), Chen X (陈喜), Shi P (石朋), et al. Influences of rock on soil moisture distribution in the karst cluster-peach mountains. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持通报), 2008, 28(6): 41-44 (in Chinese)
[37] Xia S (夏双), Ruan R-Z (阮仁宗), Yan M-C (颜梅春). Extraction of landscape information in freshwater lake wetlands based on vegetation index model. Geospatial Information (地理空间信息), 2012(6): 32-35 (in Chinese)
[38] Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning of Ministry of Forestry (林业部调查规划院). Manual of Forest Survey. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1980 (in Chinese)
[39] Zhang Y-T (张毓涛), Chang S-L (常顺利), Wang Z (王智), et al. Research on eco-functional regiona-lization in water conservation forest region of Urumqi River. Forest Resources Management (林业资源管理), 2012(1): 75-80 (in Chinese)
[40] Chen R-S (陈仁升), Kang E-S (康尔泗), Yang J-P (杨建平), et al. Some arguments on the forest ecohydrological effects. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryo-logy (冰川冻土), 2002, 24(6): 799-805 (in Chinese)
[41] Gao X-H (高新和), Jiang Z-L (姜志林), Zhang J-C (张金池), et al. A study on regulating function of forest on fluvial annual runoff discharge on Tianshan Mountains. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (南京林业大学学报), 2000, 24(4): 49-54 (in Chinese)
[42] Gao X-H (高新和), Pan C-D (潘存德), Li J-G (李建贵). A study on relation between the Tianshan Mountains north sloping hill land forest and potamic runoff. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University (新疆农业大学学报), 2000, 23(1): 25-29 (in Chinese)