Abstract: By using cylindrical sediment sampler and Peeper’s interstitial water sampler, the intact sediment and interstitial water were collected from different zones of Nansi Lake in Shandong Province in summer and winter. The distribution characteristics of the sediment phosphorus forms and of the phosphate (PO₄^3-P) in interstitial water were analyzed, and their correlations were discussed. In the sediments of  Nansi Lake, phosphorus was richer, and had a significant spatial differentiation, with an overall decreasing trend from north to south, which was related to the seriously polluted Northern Nansi Lake near Jining City. Among the phosphorous forms, inorganic phosphorus (IP) had the highest concentration, accounting for 52.3%-87.2% and 60.6%-88.3% of the total phosphorus (TP) in summer and winter, respectively. The TP concentrations in 5 cm surface sediment of four sub-lakes were all higher in summer than in winter, which could be related to the human activities such as exuberant aquaculture, more chemical fertilizers application around lake, and frequent tourism activities, etc. in summer. In vertical direction, the PO₄^3-P concentration in interstitial water decreased after an initial increase in summer and winter, and was obviously higher in summer than in winter, suggesting that the phosphorous in sediment had a higher potential to release to the overlying water in summer. The organic phosphorus (OP) and IP in sediment had a significant correlation in summer but less correlation in winter, indicating that the transformation between sediment IP and OP was more active in summer than in winter. The iron and aluminum bound phosphorus (Fe/AlP) and IP in sediment were significantly positively correlated with the PO₄^3-P in interstitial water. In summer and winter, the average PO₄^3-P concentration in interstitial water collected by Peeper’s interstitial water sampler was about 20%-50% higher than that collected by the conventional centrifugal method, suggesting that using Peeper’s interstitial water sampler could be more precise.