Abstract: The accumulation of Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in Phascolosoma esculenta and its effects on its growth and main nutrient components were investigated using atomic absorption spectrometer analysis and atomic fluorescence spectrometer examination. The results showed that within the experimental heavy metal concentrations, the amounts of Cd²⁺ and Hg^2+ accumulated in the somatic muscles increased with increasing exposure time and reached their saturated levels at the end of the experiment. Exposure of higher heavy metal concentrations speeded up the accumulation of Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺ and subsequently took less time to reach their saturated levels, which were greater than those of lower concentration groups. The rate of mass gain of P. esculenta decreased with increasing the heavy metal exposure concentrations. The combination exposure of Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺ led to a significantly lower mass gain rate compared to those exposed to Cd²⁺ or Hg²⁺. The protein content of somatic muscles increased with the increase of exposure concentration and reached the maximum values at 0.05 and 0.02 mg·L^-1 for Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺, respectively. After that, the protein content of somatic muscles began to decrease. The combined exposure of the two heavy metals showed similar effect trends but more significant impacts on the protein content of somatic muscles. The lipid content of somatic muscles decreased with increasing the concentration of Cd²⁺ or Hg²⁺ exposure, and the combination of Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺ led to lower lipid content.