Effects of tillage and nitrogen application rate on soil nitrogen transformation and yield in a winter wheat/summer maize multiple cropping system

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201701.012

Abstract

Abstract: In the winter-wheat and summer-maize multiple cropping system in lime concretion black soil of Huanghuaihai Plain, the effects of three tilling methods (conventional tillage, rotary tillage, subsoiling tillage) in wheat season coupling with three nitrogen treatments (120 kg·hm^-2, 225 kg·hm^-2, 330 kg·hm^-2) before maize sowing on the activities of microorganisms and enzymes re-lated nitrogen transformation, and inorganic nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil during the main growth stages of maize, as well as the yield were investigated. The results showed that the rotary tillage had the highest ammonification intensity, and the more nitrogen was put in, the higher were the activities of microorganisms and enzymes related to soil nitrogen transformation. The activities of nitrification, denitrification and urease of subsoiling tillage was significantly higher than those of conventional and rotary tillage. Furthermore, in subsoiling tillage treatment, increasing nitrogen fertili-zer could promote soil nitrogen transformation while excessive nitrogen input inhibited soil nitrogen transformation, though the latter had higher yield and soil inorganic nitrogen content. The treatment of subsoiling tillage coupling with 225 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen, was best for soil nitrogen transformation while the treatment of subsoiling tillage coupling with 330 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen, had the highest corn yield.

DING Shi-jie, XIONG Shu-ping, MA Xin-ming, ZHANG Juan-juan, WANG Xiao-chun,WU Yi-xin, DU Pan, ZHANG Jie. Effects of tillage and nitrogen application rate on soil nitrogen transformation and yield in a winter wheat/summer maize multiple cropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(1): 142-150.

References

[1] Xie Y-X (谢迎新), Jin H-Y (靳海洋), Meng Q-Y (孟庆阳), et al. Deep tillage improving physical and chemical properties of soil and increasing grain yield of winter wheat in lime concretion black soil farmland. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2015, 31(10): 167-173 (in Chinese)
[2] Kong F-L (孔凡磊), Zhang H-L (张海林), Zhai Y-L (翟云龙), et al. Effects of tillage methods on crop yield and water use characteristics in winter-wheat/summer-maize rotation system in the North China Plain. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2014, 22(7): 749-756 (in Chinese)
[3] Zhao Y-L (赵亚丽), Guo H-B (郭海斌), Xue Z-W (薛志伟), et al. Effects of tillage and straw returning on microorganism quantity, enzyme activities in soils and grain yield. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(6): 1785-1792 (in Chinese)
[4] Li X-S (李晓莎), Wu N (武宁), Liu L (刘玲), et al. Effects of different straw recycling and tillage methods on soil respiration and microbial activity. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(6): 1765-1771 (in Chinese)
[5] Lu Y-Q (路怡青), Zhu A-N (朱安宁), Zhang J-B (张佳宝), et al. Effects of no-tillage and returning straw to soil on soil enzymatic activities and microbial population. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2014, 45(1): 85-90 (in Chinese)
[6] Jiang X-D (江晓东), Li Z-J (李增嘉), Hou L-T (侯连涛), et al. Impacts of minimum tillage and no-tillage systems on soil NO₃^--N content and water use efficiency of winter wheat /summer corn cultivation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2005, 21(7): 20-24 (in Chinese)
[7] Li X (李霞), Zhang J-W (张吉旺), Ren B-C (任佰朝), et al. Effects of tillage at pre-planting of winter wheat and summer maize on leaf senescence of summer maize. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(5): 1397-1403 (in Chinese)
[8] Li X (李霞), Ren B-C (任佰朝), Fan X (范霞), et al. Effects of tillage before sowing of winter wheat and summer maize on yield formation of summer maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2015, 48(6): 1074-1083 (in Chinese)
[9] Ju X-T (巨晓棠), Gu B-J (谷保静). Status-quo, problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2014, 20(4): 783-795 (in Chinese)
[10] Zhao J-Y (赵俊晔), Yu Z-W (于振文). Transformation and use of nitrogen fertilizer in the wheat-soil system. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2006, 37(3): 595-600 (in Chinese)
[11] Wang X-C (王小纯), Li G-F (李高飞), An S (安帅), et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzyme activity for nitrogen transform of wheat cultivar during elongation and grain filling stage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2010, 24(6): 204-207 (in Chinese)
[12] Ma D-Y (马冬云), Guo T-C (郭天财), Song X (宋晓), et al. Effects of urea application rate on the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in wheat rhizosphere. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2007, 27(12): 5223-5228 (in Chinese)
[13] Hou Y-L (侯彦林), Wang S-G (王曙光), Guo W (郭伟). Effect of urea application amount on microbes and enzymes in soil. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2004, 35(3): 303-306 (in Chinese)
[14] Fan X-G (樊晓刚), Jin K (金轲), Li Z-J (李兆君), et al. Soil microbial diversity under different fertilization and tillage practices: A review. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2010, 16(3): 744-751 (in Chinese)
[15] Xiong S-P (熊淑萍), Wang J (王静), Wang X-C (王小纯), et al. Effects of tillage and nitrogen addition rate on nitrogen metabolism, grain yield and protein content in wheat in lime concretion black soil region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2014, 38(7): 767-775 (in Chinese)
[16] Xiong S-P (熊淑萍), Wang Y-F (王严峰), Wang X-C (王小纯), et al. Analysis on activity of nitrogen transformation microorganism and enzyme in rhizosphere soil among winter wheat varieties. Journal of Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2014, 34(6): 782-786 (in Chinese)
[17] Yao Z-F (姚占芳), Wu Y-H (吴云汉). Experimental Techniques of Microbiology. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 1998 (in Chinese)
[18] Guo T-C (郭天财), Song X (宋晓), Ma D-Y (马冬云), et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on soil enzyme activities in wheat rhizosphere. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(1): 110-114 (in Chinese)
[19] Wu L-K (吴林坤), Lin X-M (林向民), Lin W-X (林文雄). Effects of nitrogen application rate on soil enzyme activities in wheat rhizosphere. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2014, 38(3): 298-310 (in Chinese)
[20] Zhong W-H (钟文辉), Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪). Effect of soil management practices and environmental factors on soil microbial diversity: A review. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2004, 12(4): 456-465 (in Chinese)
[21] Toberman H, Chen C, Xu Z. Rhizosphere effects on soil nutrient dynamics and microbial activity in an Australian tropical lowland rainforest. Soil Research, 2011, 49: 652-660
[22] Hou H-T (侯化亭), Zhang C-Z (张丛志), Zhang J-B (张佳宝), et al. Effects of fertilization and maize growing on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Soils (土壤), 2012, 44(1): 163-166 (in Chinese)
[23] Sun Y (孙悦), Xu X-L (徐兴良), Kuzyakov Y. Mechanisms of rhizosphere priming effects and their ecological significance. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2014, 38(1): 62-75 (in Chinese)
[24] Jia B-R (贾丙瑞), Zhou G-S (周广胜), Wang F-Y (王风玉), et al. Affecting factors of soil microorganism and root respiration. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2005, 16(8): 1547-1552 (in Chinese)
[25] Warembourg FR, Estelrich HD. Plant phenology and soil fertility effects on below-ground carbon allocation for an annual (Bromus madritensis) and a perennial (Bromus erectus) grass species. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 1291-1303
[26] Wei W (魏蔚), Li Y-S (李运生), Dai C-C (戴传超), et al. Effects of different tillage and fertilization on fluvo-aquic soil biological characteristics. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2011, 42(3): 692-697 (in Chinese)
[27] Helgason BL, Walley FL, Germida JJ. Fungal and bacterial abundance in long-term no-till and intensive-till soils of the Northern Great Plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2009, 73: 120-127
[28] Dong W-X (董文旭), Hu C-S (胡春胜), Chen S-Y (陈素英), et al. Effect of conservation tillage on ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Scientia Agricul-tura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2013, 46(11): 2278-2284 (in Chinese)
[29] He J-Z (贺纪正), Zhang L-M (张丽梅). Key processes and microbial mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation. Microbiology (微生物学通报), 2013, 40(10): 979-988 (in Chinese)
[30] Zhang J (张晶), Lin X-G (林先贵), Yin R (尹睿). Advances in functional gene diversity of microorganism in relation to soil nitrogen cycling. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2009, 17(5): 1029-1034 (in Chinese)