Using paper as the carbon source for groundwater nitrate removal

Abstract

Abstract: The nitrate removal from groundwater was studied in laboratory columns packed with unprocessed paper as the sole substrate for microbial population.The results showed that the reactor with paper as carbon source started up fast,and temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) markedly affected the denitrification process.The denitrification rate at 25 ℃ was approximately 1.7 times higher than that at 14 ℃.When the initial concentration was 45.2 mg·L^-1,99.6% of nitrate (nitrite was not detected) could be removed after 8.6 h at 25±1 ℃.The nitrogen removal rate was only 50% when HRT was 7.2 h.pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) had little effect on denitrification,and the nitrogen removal rate did not changed when pH value ranged between 6.0～9.0 and DO ranged between 0～6 mg·L^-1.Biofilm was formed on the paper and consumed the paper during the whole process.Using the combined paper reactor and activated carbon adsorption at 25±1 ℃ and HRT 9.0 h,the nitrate could be completely removed if its initial concentration was not higher than 33.9 mgN·L^-1 and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the effluent was less than 11 mg·L^-1.

Key words: Paper, Denitrification, Biological treatment, Nitrate

CLC Number:

X131.3

JIN Zanfang, CHEN Yingxu, OGURA Norio . Using paper as the carbon source for groundwater nitrate removal[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (12): 2359-2363.

References

[1] Abdulrahman I, Alabdula A. 1997. Nitrate concentrations Riyadh,Saudi Arabia drinking water supplies. Environ Monit Assess, 47:315～324
[2] Bhatti Z, Sumida K. 2001. Characterization of dentrifying granular sludge treating soft groundwater in an upflow sludge-blanket reactor. J Biosc Bioeng, 91 (4): 373～377
[3] Bi E-P(毕二平), Li Z-H(李政红). 2001. Groundwater nitrogen pollution in Shijiazhuang city. Hydrol Geol Eng ( 水文地质工程),28(2) :31～34(in Chinese)
[4] Bouchard DC, Willams MK, Suranpalli RY. 1992. Nitrate contamination of groundwater: Sources and potential health effects. J Am Water Assoc, 84: 85～90
[5] Boussaid F, Martin G, Morvan J. 1988. Denitrification in-situ of groundwater with solid carbon matter. Environ Technol Lett, 9:803～816
[6] Canter LW. 1997. Nitrates in Groundwater. NewYork: Lewis Publishers. 13～41
[7] Chen X-C(陈秀成), Cao R-J(曹瑞钰).2001.Development of technology on groundwater pollution control. Chin Water Supp Drain (中国给水排水), 17 (4): 23～26 ( in Chinese)
[8] Costa JL, Massone H, Martinez D, et al. 2002. Nitrate contamination of aquifer and accumulation in the unsaturated zone. Agric Water Man, 57: 33～47
[9] Environmental Protection Bureau(国家环保局). 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 3rd edition. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. 1101 (in Chinese)
[10] European Chemical Industry Ecology & Toxicology Center. 1988.Technical Report 27#: Nitrate and Drinking Water European Chemical Industry Ecology & Toxicology Center. Belgium:Belgium Science Press.
[11] Fan AM, Steinberg V. 1995. Nitrate in drinking water: Methemoglobinmia and reproductive/developmental toxicity. Toxicologist, 15(1) :36
[12] Gomez MA, Hontoria E, Gonzales-Lopez J. 2002. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrate removal from groundwater using a denitrifying submerged filter. J Hazardous Mat, B90:267～268
[13] Gomez MA, Hontoria E, Gonzalez-Lopez J. 2000. Influence of carbon source on nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater in a denitrifying submerged filter. J Hazardous Mat, B80: 69～80
[14] Helmut K. 2000. Groundwater Updates. Hong Kong: Best-set Typesetter Ltd. 3～8.
[15] Hiscock KM, Lloyd JW, Lerner DN, et al. 1989. An engineering solution to the nitrate problem of a borehole at Swaffham, Norfolk,U. K. J Hydrol, 107: 267～281
[16] Kim YS, Nakano K, Lee TJ. 2002 On-site nitrate removal of groundwater by an immobilized psychrophilic denitrifier using soluble starch as a carbon source. J Biosci Bioengin, 93(3):303～308
[17] Li J-S(李京森). 1988. Major Reasons for Groundwater Pollution and Study on Control Methods at Major Cities in China. Beijing:Science Press. 3～10(in Chinese)
[18] Mansell B, Schroeder E. 1998. Biologocal denitrification in a continuous flow membrane reactor. Water Sci Tech nol, 38 (1):9～14
[19] Mohseni BA, Elliott DJ. 1998. Groundwater denitrification with alternative carbon sources. Water Sci Technol,38(6) :237～243
[20] Mohseni BA, Elliott DJ. 1999. Denitrification of groundwater using acetic acid as a carbon source. Water Sci Technol, 40(2): 53～59
[21] Robertson WD, Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ. 2000 Long-term performance of in situ reactive barriers for nitrate remediation. Ground Water, 38 (5): 689～695
[22] Schipper LA. 2000 Nitrate removal from groundwater and denitrification rates in a porous treatment wall amended with sawdust. Ecol Eng, 14: 269～278
[23] Shi J-L(史家樑), Xu Y-T(徐亚同), Zhang S-Z(张圣章). 1999Environmental Microbiology. 2nd edition. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press. 176～173 (in Chinese)
[24] Spalding RF, Exner ME. 1993. Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater-A review. J Environ Qual, 22: 392～402
[25] Sun J-Y(孙景云),Zuo X(左犀).1996.Protectionofgroundwater as drinking water resource. Environ Sci (环境科学), 17: 20～24(in Chinese)
[26] Sun P-L(孙彭力). 1995. Environmental pollution by nitrogen fertilize. Environ Poll Contr(环境污染与防治), 17(1) :38～41(in Chinese)
[27] Super M, Heese H, MacKenzir D. 1981. An epidemiologic study of well-water nitrates in a group of South West African Namibianinfants. Water Res, 15:1265～1270
[28] Trudell MR. 1986. An in-situ study of the occurrence and rate of denitrification in a shallow unconfined sand aquifer. J Hydrol, 83:251～268
[29] World Health Organization. 1984. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[30] Zhang S-C(张思聪), Shen Z-Y(沈子寅). 2002. Change of groundwater nitrate pollution in Tangshan area. J Waterpower(水力发电学报), 20(1) :68～75(in Chinese)