Effects of green manure planted in winter and straw returning on soil aggregates and organic matter functional groups in double cropping rice area

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202102.023

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the mechanism of exogenous organic materials enhancing soil organic carbon and soil fertility, based on a long-term experiment located in Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station, we examined the effects of winter green manure and straw returning patterns (CK, winter fallow; MV, winter Chinese milk vetch; S, early-season rice straw total returning; DS, early-season and late-season rice straw total returning; SMV, winter Chinese milk vetch + early-season rice straw total returning; DSMV, winter Chinese milk vetch + early-season and late-season rice straw total returning) on soil aggregates and organic functional groups. The results showed that the proportion of super aggregates (>2 mm) and macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm) in double cropping rice soil was the highest with a ratio of about 72.1%-81.8%, and the organic carbon content in the two kinds of aggregates was as high as 12.1-20.7 g·kg^-1, accounting for 22.7%-59.0% of the total organic carbon. The main organic functional group in paddy soil was polysaccharides, followed by aliphatic carbon and aromatic carbon. The abundance of all those groups was affected by winter Chinese milk vetch growing and straw returning. Compared with other treatments, DSMV significantly increased the proportion of super aggregates (>2 mm) and macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm) and favored the accumulation of inert carbon such as aromatic carbon in the two kinds of aggregates. DSMV could enhance the stability of soil aggregates and organic matter, which had high potential in the real agricultural production.

Key words: red paddy soil, water stability, C/N, organic functional group, infrared spectra

SONG Jia, HUANG Jing, GAO Ju-sheng, WANG Ya-nan, WU Cui-xia, BAI Ling-yu, ZENG Xi-bai. Effects of green manure planted in winter and straw returning on soil aggregates and organic matter functional groups in double cropping rice area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(2): 564-570.

References

[1] 黄鸿翔, 李书田, 李向林, 等. 我国有机肥的现状与发展前景分析. 土壤肥料, 2006(1): 3-8 [Huang H-X, Li S-T, Li X-L, et al. Analysis on the status of organic fertilizer and its development strategies in China. Soil and Fertilizers, 2006(1): 3-8]
[2] 高菊生, 徐明岗, 董春华, 等. 长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39(2): 343-349 [Gao J-S, Xu M-G, Dong C-H, et al. The effects of long-term rice-rice-green manure cropping rotation on rice yield and soil fertility. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(2): 343-349]
[3] 杨曾平, 徐明岗, 聂军, 等. 长期冬种绿肥对双季稻种植下红壤性水稻土质量的影响及其评价. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(3): 92-97 [Yang Z-P, Xu M-G, Nie J, et al. Effect of long-term winter planting-green manure on reddish paddy soil quality and its comprehensive evaluation under double-rice cropping system. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(3): 92-97]
[4] Xu MG, Li DC, Li JM, et al. Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on nutrients absorption and yield of rice in Hunan of China. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2008, 7: 1245-1252
[5] Xu HS, Li DY, Zhu B, et al. CH₄ and N₂O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milk vetch and straw in corporation in southern China. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 2017, 4: 59-68
[6] Oades JM, Waters AG. Aggregate hierarchy in soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1991, 29: 815-828
[7] Shahbaz M, Kuzyakov Y, Sanaullah M, et al. Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter is mediated by qua-lity and quantity of crop residues: Mechanisms and thresholds. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2017, 53: 287-301
[8] Yan J, Wang L, Hu Y, et al. Plant litter composition selects different soil microbial structures and in turn drives different litter decomposition pattern and soil carbon sequestration capability. Geoderma, 2018, 319: 194-203
[9] 常单娜. 我国主要绿肥种植体系中土壤可溶性有机物特性研究. 硕士论文. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2015 [Chang S-N. Characteristics of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter in Main Green Manure Plantation Systems in China. Master Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015]
[10] 尤孟阳. 黑土母质熟化过程中的土壤有机碳组分与结构变化特征. 博士论文. 长春: 中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所), 2015 [You M-Y. The Evolution of the Contents, Carbon Fractions and Chemical Structural of Soil Organic Carbon during the Early Pedogenesis of a Mollisol after Development from Parent Material. PhD Thesis. Changchun: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology), 2015]
[11] Song G, Novotny EH, Mao JD, et al. Characterization of transformations of maize residues into soil organic matter. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 579: 1843
[12] Yan X, Zhou H, Zhu QH, et al. Carbon sequestration efficiency in paddy soil and upland soil under long term fertilization in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2013, 130: 42-51
[13] Johnson CE, Blumfield TJ, Boyd S, et al. A ¹³C NMR study of decomposing logging residues in an Australian hoop pine plantation. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2013, 13: 854-862
[14] Lorenz K, Lal R, Preston CM, et al. Strengthening the soil organic carbon pool by increasing contributions from recalcitrant aliphatic bio (macro) molecules. Geoderma, 2007, 142: 1-10
[15] Carvalho AD, Bustamante MDC, Alcântara FD, et al. Characterization by solid-state CPMAS ¹³C NMR spectroscopy of decomposing plant residues in conventional and no-tillage systems in central Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research, 2009, 102: 144-150
[16] Elliott ET. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1986, 50: 627-633
[17] 鲍士旦. 土壤农业化学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 30-33 [Bao S-D. Soil and Agrochemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 30-33]
[18] Hillel D. Environmental Soil Physics. London: Academic Press, 1998: 56-57
[19] Yeasmin S, Singh B, Johnston CT, et al. Organic carbon characteristics in density fractions of soils with contrasting mineralogies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2017, 218: 215-236
[20] Demyan MS, Rasche F, Schulz E, et al. Use of specific peaks obtained by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy to study the composition of organic matter in a Haplic Chernozem. European Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 63: 189-199
[21] Sun T, Chen Q, Chen Y, et al. A novel soil wetting technique for measuring wet stable aggregates. Soil & Tillage Research, 2014, 141: 19-24
[22] Kubar KA, Huang L, Lu J, et al. Long-term tillage and straw returning effects on organic C fractions and chemical composition of SOC in rice-rape cropping system. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2019, 65: 125-137
[23] Lal R, Shukla A. Principles of Soil Physics. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 2004: 44-46
[24] Pirmoradian N, Sepaskhah AR, Hajabbasi MA. Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments. Biosystems Enginee-ring, 2005, 90: 227-234
[25] 周虎, 吕贻忠, 杨志臣, 等. 保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(9): 1973-1979 [Zhou H, Lyu Y-Z, Yang Z-C, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregate characte-ristics in North China Plain. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(9): 1973-1979]
[26] Bhattacharyya R, Prakash V, Kundu S, et al. Long term effects of fertilization on carbon and nitrogen sequestration and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in the Indian sub-Himalayas. Nutrient Cycling in Agroeco-systems, 2010, 86: 1-16
[27] Yang ZP, Zeng SX, Ning J, et al. Effects of long-term winter planted green manure on distribution and storage of organic carbon and nitrogen in water-stable aggregates of reddish paddy soil under a double-rice cropping system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014, 13: 1772-1781
[28] 孙天聪, 李世清, 邵明安. 长期施肥对褐土有机碳和氮素在团聚体中分布的影响. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(9): 1841-1848 [Sun T-C, Li S-Q, Shao M-A. Effects of long-term fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen distribution in soil aggregates. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(9): 1841-1848]
[29] 江智敏, 郑宏斌, 张仲文. 绿肥在湘西烟田中的腐解和养分释放动态研究// 中国烟草学会. 中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题. 2016: 7 [Jiang Z-M, Zheng H-B, Zhang Z-W. Dynamic study on decomposition and nutrient release of green manure in tobacco fields in western Hunan// Tobacco Society of China. Collection of Outstanding Papers of China Toba-cco Society in 2016: Tobacco Agriculture. 2016: 7]
[30] Madari BE, Reeves Ⅲ JB, Machado PLOA, et al. Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of soil compositional parameters and structural indices in two ferralsols. Geoderma, 2006, 136: 245-259
[31] Baes AU, Bloom PR. Diffuse reﬁectance and transmission Fourier transform infrared (drift) spectroscopy of humic and fulvic acids. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1989, 53: 695-700
[32] 李婷, 赵世伟, 李晓晓, 等. 宁南山区不同年限苜蓿地土壤有机质官能团特征. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(12): 3266-3272 [Li T, Zhao S-W, Li X-X, et al. Characteristics of functional groups of soil organic matter in alfalfa fields of different ages in the Ningnan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(12): 3266-3272]
[33] Dhillon GS, Gillespie A, Peak D, et al. Spectroscopic investigation of soil organic matter composition for shelterbelt agroforestry systems. Geoderma, 2017, 298: 1-13
[34] 李辉信, 袁颖红, 黄欠如, 等. 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体活性有机碳的影响. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(2): 259-266 [Li H-X, Yuan Y-H, Huang Q-R, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on the active organic carbon of red paddy soil aggregates. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(2): 259-266]
[35] Dick DP, Goncalves CN, Dalmolin RSD, et al. Characteristics of soil organic matter of different Brazilian ferralsols under native vegetation as a function of soil depth. Geoderma, 2005, 124: 319-333
[36] Kiem R, Knicker H, Körschens M, et al. Refractory organic carbon in C-depleted arable soils, as studied by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and carbohydrate analysis. Organic Geochemistry, 2000, 31: 655-668