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    25 November 2001, Volume 12 Issue 6
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    Articles
    Geographic variation of Larix olgensis
    YANG Chuanping, LIU Guifeng
    2001, 12(6):  801-805. 
    Asbtract ( 230 )   PDF (1KB) ( 154 )  
    Based on the data of provenance test for 17 years in the whole natural distrbution range of Larix olgensis,the geographic variation patterns were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis(CCA).The results showed that the basic variation patterns of Larix olgensis,and it had the genetic character of rapid growth and long growing period.The synthetical interaction between water and heat factors mainly caused the variation of Larix olgensis,and among those factors,the temperature was the key factor.Among the genetic variation of geographic population characters,the variation of growth character was the most obvious,and it could be taken as the main character for provenance division.Allocating seeds from low equivalent latitude region to northern suitable afforestation areas(within 2 equivalent latitudes)would bring on great genetic gain.
    Biomass and nutrient accumulation of poplar plantation on beach land in Yangtse River in Anhui province
    WU Zemin, SUN Qixiang
    2001, 12(6):  806-810. 
    Asbtract ( 241 )   PDF (1KB) ( 141 )  
    The authors summarized biomass pattern and production of Ⅰ-69 poplar clone plantation on beach land in Anhui province and built mathematical models for biomass with DBH and height as well.Meanwhile the LAI dynamics of the plantation was analyzed.The biomass of 11-year plantation of poplar on beach land was 90.2 t·hm-2,its production 8.2 t·hm-2·yr-1 for plantation and 21.59kg·yr-1 for single trees.Compared to the plantation at general sites in Jiangsu province,the production for individual on beach land was as 50% as higher.Its LAI was 3.32 m2·m-2,and the net LAI increasing reached highest level in 3 years after planting.Meanwhile the stand productivity was getting into highest too.To produce one ton biomass,it needed the following materials:N 3.369kg,P 0.327kg,K 2.424kg,Ca 7.465kg,Mg 0.525kg,Cu 0.00573kg,Mn 0.0186kg,Fe 0.111kg,Zn 0.000268kg;and absorbed S 0.72kg,Cr 0.000252kg,Cd 0.00039kg,Pb 0.00043kg.Statistical analysis for element content in annual rings indicated that there was negative relation between N and K,but positive for N and P.The inundation time had significantly positive influence on content of P and N,but negative to K.
    Application of sustainable and intensive management model of windbreaks/shelterbelts
    FAN Zhiping, ZENG Dehui, JIANG Fengqi, GUAN Wenbin, SHANG GUAN Zhouping
    2001, (6):  811-814. 
    Asbtract ( 0 )  
    In this paper, with Populus in windbreaks/shelterbelts as study plants in three regions such as plain region of northern part of Liaoning, ecoton region of Bashang, Hebei Province, and semiarid tableland region of Weibei, Shanxi Province, and based on the main natural disaster factors and protection objective in these three regions, the data investigated in the study area were analyzed through statistics methods. The optimization management parameters were put forward for the sustainable and intensive management model of windbreaks/shelterbelts in three regions. The optimization porosity of shelterbelts/windbreaks in northern part of Liaoning, Bashang and Weibei should be 0.25～0.35,0.20～0.30, and 0.275～0.375 respectively. The distance between main belts should be 450～500m, 200m, and 200～250m respectively, and the distance between lateral belts should be 500～1000m, 500m, and 350～450m. The belt width should be 8m, 9m, and 4.5～8m respectively, with 3～4, 6, and 2～4 rows respectively. The spacing of trees should be 2m×1.5～3m, 1.5m×1.5m, and 1.5～3m×1.5～3m respectively. The protection mature age should be 15～16yr, 14～15yr and 12～14yr respectively. The protection mature time should be 10yr. 10～11yr. and 12～14yr respectively. The regeneration mode should be alternate strip-felling model, half strip-felling and engrafting model, and alternate strip-felling model respectively.
    Nitrogen-nutrition patterns of larch and ash trees and their interspecific differentiation
    CUI Xiaoyang
    2001, 12(6):  815-818. 
    Asbtract ( 254 )  
    The spatial,temporal,quantitative and chemical patterns of nitrogen nutrition of larch(Larix olgensis)and ash (Fraxinus mandshurica)trees were studied in a belt-mixed (12-year-old) plantation,along with an additional pot experiment on larch and ash seedlings.That the two forest species had very different nitrogen-nutrition patterns in all the aspects mentioned above.In the shared below-ground space of mixed stand,the active fine roots of ash trees adjacent to larch belt dominantly occupied the uppermost layer of soil(0～20cm),while larch fine roots were pressed to deeper soil layers(20～60cm)by the exclusive competition from ash.In the whole growing season from May to September,both species showed evident peak period of N absorption.The peak period of ash trees appeared in middle-late June,while that of larch trees came up in middle-late July,approximately one month later than ash.In the quantitative aspect,ash consumed relatively larger amount of N with a lower nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE),while larch only required relatively smaller amount with a higher NUE(60.8% higher than ash).As for the apparent preferences for different inorganic forms of nitrogen nutrient(NH4+ or NO3-),ash tended to select NO3- as its favourite nitrogen source,while larch seemed to be neither NO3- nor NH4+ preferred.
    Articles
    Distribution patterns of trunks,branches,leaves and fruits in Dimocarpous longana
    LI Huashou, WANG Jianwu, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Jiaen
    2001, 12(6):  819-823. 
    Asbtract ( 212 )  
    The distribution patterns and relationship of branches,leaves and fruits in the canopy of 6 years old typical engrafted(Dimocarpous longana) were investigated with stratification method.Result shows that the trunk was short and the canopy shaped as the natural semicircle.There were 4 or 5 main long branches in most trees.The long branches uniformly distributed in the canopy.The short branches,fruit-bearing branches and fruits uniformly distributed in the longitudinal rows paralleled the main branch.In the direction being vertical main branch,the short branches,the fruit-bearing branches and fruits uniformly distributed in the central section of canopy.Green leaves and fruits uniformly distributed on canopy surface.The fruits mainly distributed in the canopy from central to 60～150 cm layer of the canopy bottom,accounting for 78.9% of total fruits.The number of branches,fruit-bearing branches and number of fruits as well as the yield in different canopy layers was significantly linearly correlated.
    Population structure and dynamics of Larix chinenesis in Qinling Mountain
    YAN Guiqin, ZHAO Guifang, HU Zhenghai, YUE Ming
    2001, 12(6):  824-828. 
    Asbtract ( 237 )   PDF (1KB) ( 167 )  
    In Qinling Mountain,4 stands were set up at Taibai Mountain,Guangtou Mountain,Yuhuang Mountain,and Bingjingding Mountain respectively.280 plots in Larix chinensis population were investigated by sampling method.The community feature,size-class structure,and regulation of changing density were analyzed,as well as worked out the survival curve,death curve,and life table.The results showed that the populations had one peak of mortality between 25～30cm,and the survival curve trended to be the type between Deevey Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The populations were stable in large size-class and variable in small size-class.The restricting factor for the survival and development of the population was short seedling.
    Productivity and turnover of fine roots in poplar tree and grass roots
    LI Peizhi, FAN Shihua, WANG Lihua, XU Siming
    2001, 12(6):  829-832. 
    Asbtract ( 185 )  
    The annual biomass,decomposition,growth and turnover of fine roots of poplar and grass roots (≤2.0 mm) in soil layer 0～40 cm were investigated in a northern poplar plantation.The results showed that annual biomass,dead root biomass,decomposition and growth of fine roots of poplar were 2.062,0.746,0.158,2.351t·hm-2,respectively,and the turnover rate was 1.14 times per year.For grass,annual biomass,dead root biomass,decomposition and growth of roots were 0.501,0.035,0.023,0.691t·hm-2,respectively,and the turnover rate was 1.38 times per year.Meanwhile the equation for dry weight loss of fine roots of poplar tree over time was presented as following:lnx/x0=0.9515e-00014t.
    Fixation and ecological effects of artificial Hippophae rhamnoides boskage on wind-rolling plants in slop of refuse dump
    TAI Peidong, LI Peijun, JIA Hongyu, SUN Tieheng
    2001, 12(6):  833-836. 
    Asbtract ( 216 )  
    Wind-rolling plants can be fixed by artificial boskage of Hippophae rhamnoides in the slope in refuse dump,and formed some big plant coverage,which could be affected the growth of H.rhamnoides.However,the plant coverage was better than the artificial boskage of H.rhamnoides to soil and water conservation and fertilized soil.Moreover,flourishing vegetation would develop after the plant coverage was decayed.Therefore,the fixation of wind-rolling plant by H.rhamnoides could improve the restoration of vegetation and the soil and water conservation in refuse dump in open-cast mining area.
    Articles
    Impact of urbanization in rural areas on plant diversity: a case study in Zunhua City
    MA Keming, FU Bojie, GUO Xudong
    2001, 12(6):  837-840. 
    Asbtract ( 240 )  
    Species diversities of urban,suburb and rural areas,as well as north,east,south and west were separately investigated in Zunhua City (39°55'～40°22'N,117°34'～118°14'E),Hebei Province,China.Soil samples were collected to show the difference of soil nutrients among those sites.The results showed that the soil nutrients of south and east were special,and those of west and north were similar.It was very different between suburb and rural.The plant diversity of west was lower than all the other directions,whereas south had the highest one.Herb was the reason of the difference.The urban area was very different in biodiversity compared with north,east,south and west.The plant diversities of urban,suburb and rural areas were of gradient and in accordant with the intensity gradient of land use.The total species in this area was 129,whereas the total species in Donglingshan,which is at the same latitude,was 997.The impact of urbanization was the introduction of some horticultural species,and the influence of topography and soil nutrient was very weak under this circumstance.
    Seasonal dynamics of environmental factors and decomposition rate of litter in Puccinellia tenuiflora community of Songnen grassland of China
    WANG Wei, GUO Jixun
    2001, 12(6):  841-844. 
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    This paper discussed the seasonal dynamics of eleven environmental factors and decomposition rate of litter in Puccinellia tenuiflora community.The environmental factors included microorganism respiration rate,soil organic matter content,the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of soil,soil temperature,soil water content,and etc.The seasonal dynamics of decomposition rate of litter showed a single-peak curve with the maximum 8.109mg·g-1 ·d-1 in the middle August.The decomposition index of litter was 1.93,and 4 years would be needed to decompose 95% of the litter accumulated in the ground.The seasonal dynamics of microorganism respiration showed a single-peak curve with the maximum 11.4g·C·m-2 ·d-1 in the middle July.The decomposition rate of litter was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content and the ratio of C/N of soil,and positively correlated with soil temperature.
    Changes of crop yields and soil fertility under long-term fertilization and recycled nutrients in manure on black soil ⅡDistribution of nutrients in crops
    WANG Delu, LIU Hongxiang, WANG Shouyu, MENG Kai, HAN Xiaozeng
    2001, 12(6):  845-848. 
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    Based on a long-term fertilization experiment from 1985 to 1995,the effect of fertilization and crop growing status on the parameters as nutrient concentration of crops,distribution ratio of nutrients in grain and in stalk,and harvested nutrients for producing 1000kg grain products of soybean,maize,and wheat crops were studied.The results indicated that under the normal fertilization condition,the parameters mentioned above were quite stable.Therefore,the parameters obtained from this study can be used for the calculation of nutrient budget of the farmland in this region.
    Articles
    Effects of nitrogen form on nitrogen absorption and photosynthesis of different wheat genotypes
    DAI Tingbo, CAO Weixing, JING Qi
    2001, 12(6):  849-852. 
    Asbtract ( 176 )  
    The experiment was conducted in hydroponics to investigate the difference of three wheat genotypes on nitrogen absorption,accumulation and photosynthesis under three nitrogen forms (NO3-,EAN and NH4+).Nitrogen absorption rate of EAN and NH4+ was significantly higher than that of NO3- in different nitrogen concentrations.Particularly in higher concentration,EAN had much higher absorption potential than NH4+.YM158,as a sensitive genotype to EAN,had higher absorption rate of NO3- and NH4+,and highest of EAN as compared with LZ953 and JDM.EAN highly promoted the absorption of NO3- and NH4+ in YM158 and LZ953,but slightly inhibited that of NO3- in JDM.Compared with NO3- nutrition and NH4+ nutrition,EAN increased nitrogen accumulation in whole plant and aboveground part,and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of YM158 and LZ953,but slightly increased that of JDM.The results indicate that increased growth of wheat under EAN is associated with enhanced nitrogen absorption,increased nitrogen accumulation and net photosynthetic rate.
    Effect of seeding date on yield characteristics of different rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes
    LIAO Guiping, GUAN Chunyun
    2001, 12(6):  853-858. 
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    In this paper, the characters of yield and yield components of three rapeseed(Brassica napus) genotypes and the ecological relationship between yield and photo-temperature were studied. The feasible way of improving rapeseed yield of multiple cropping in middle reaches of the Changjiang River was also discussed. The results show that different photo-temperature condition during rapeseed growing period induced by different seeding date resulted in a great difference in yield and yield components.There existed a very significant correlation between numbers of pods per plant, PAI(pod area index), main inflorescence yield and branch yield and accumulated temperature and dylight hours respectively, but no significant correlation for 1000-seed weight and SNPA(seed numbers per unit pod area). Seeding date mainly affected branch development and growth and branch yield formation,resulting in a highly significant effect on yield. So the seeding date of rapeseed of multiple cropping was appropriately shifted to an earlier time, and if seeding after October 20, the plant density may increase to 375～450 thousand plant·hm-2 to make up branches with main inflorescence and to improve rapeseed yield.
    Dynamic simulation on growth and development of spring corn in different cropping patterns in northern Zhejiang Province
    CHEN Jie, YANG Jingping, WANG Zhaoqian
    2001, (6):  859-862. 
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    A simulation model was established on the basis of MACROS model and field experimental data,which can well describe the processes of the growth and development of spring corn in different cropping patterns. The influence of sowing time on spring corn of production in the barley-corn-rice cropping system in northern Zhejiang Province was studied using the new model. The results showed the ideal sowing period of spring corn was late March to early April. The density of cropping corn should be reasonably increased,compared to the monocropping corn.
    ICP-AES studies on characteristics of distribution,accumulation and transportation of rare earth elements in soil-Dicranopteris dichotoma system
    WEI Zhenggui, WAN Shoukang, ZHANG Xun, HONG Fashui, ZHAO Guiwen, TAO Ye
    2001, (6):  863-866. 
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    The contents of La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Dy,Yb and Y in soils and Dicranopteris dichotoma collected from 4 rare earth mining areas and 1 non-mining area in south Jiangxi Province were determined using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) method,and the distribution patterns and transportation characteristics of the rare earth elements (REEs) in soil profiles and Dicranopteris dichotoma tissues were discussed.The results showed that the REEs contents in the C horizon the soils were the highest,but Ce was relatively concentrated in A horizon.The total amount of the REEs in Dicranopteris dichotoma tissues was in order of leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk,but the distribution patterns of individual REE were various,ie.,La,Ce,Pr and Nd,leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk,Sm and Gd,leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk or root>leaf>stem>leaf stalk,and Dy,Yb and Y,leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk,root>leaf>stem>leaf stalk,or root>stem>leaf>leaf stalk.The REEs were obviously fractionated in their transportion processes in Dicranopteris dichotoma tissues and heavy REEs in stems,leaf stalks and leaves of the plant were relatively poor.
    Effects of peat and weathered coal on activity of rice root system and its nutritional absorption
    SONG Xuan, ZENG Dehui, LIN Heming
    2001, (6):  867-870. 
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    Effects of peat and weathered coal on activity of rice root system and its nutritional absorption were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that adding peat and weathered coal improved α-naphthyl amine oxidizing activity of root system during the different growing phases of rice,ameliorated the nutrient supplying of saline-alkali soil,enhanced the yield of rice,and increased the nutritional absorption of N,P2O5、K2O,CaO,and MgO by rice.To increase productivity,peat is better than the same quantity of weathered coal.
    Rice allelopathy and its physiobiochemical characteristics
    LIN Wenxiong, HE Huaqin, GUO Yichun, LIANG Yiyuan, CHEN Fangyu
    2001, (6):  871-875. 
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    Selecting six strong allelopathy rice varieties as donor plants,barnyardgrass as receiver plant,authors dealt with the allelopathy and physiobiochemical characteristics of rice.The results show that increasing the extract concentration enhanced the inhibition effect on the growth of barnyardgrass.The inhibition effect was negatively correlative with the target weed densities.The aqueous extracts of rice leaves significantly inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in barnyardgrass,therefore affected the growth of barnyardgrass.The activity of PAL was positively correlative with the content of phenolics.The interaction of phenolic compounds might be additive or antagonized.
    Symbiotic association of Hippophae rhamnoides and the microbes
    HE Xingyuan, WU Qingfeng, HAN Guiyun, ZHOU Yuzhi, TIAN Chunjie
    2001, (6):  876-878. 
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    Symbiosis between Frankia,VA mycorrhizal fungi and Hippophae rhamnoides was conducted in pot cultures.The results indicated the correlation of VA mycorrhizae and Frankia.In treatment inoculated VAH and HR16, height, diameter, fresh weight,chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate increased by 42.25%,33.52%,198.56%,43.33%,and 17.44% respectively.
    Detection of Bacillus thuringiensis plasmids and preliminary studiy on their functions
    LI Lin, WANG Zheng, YU Ziniu
    2001, (6):  879-882. 
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    The plasmids carried in 11 Bacillus thuringiensis wild-type strains of 4 subspecies were detected using the improved lysozyme-alkaline preparation procedure,and an effective preparation result and recovery was found. By comparing the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties between wild-type strain YBT-1463 and its plasmid-free mutant strain BMB171, it was indicated that the plasmids of YBT-1463 carried insecticidal crystal protein genes,but no resistance genes. There was no relationship between resident plasmids and utilising of 19 sources of carbon and 12 sources of nitrogen in the wild-type strain YBT-1463.
    Biodiversity of Frankia strains in nodules from Alnus and Hippophae by ARDRA
    WU Shaohui, ZHANG Huiwen, XIONG Zhi, LIU Zhong, ZHANG Zhongze, ZHANG Chenggang
    2001, (6):  883-886. 
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    S ribosomal DNAs(rDNAs) of total 91 samples of Frankia strains in root nodules from Alnus and Hippophae were ampilified by PCR with primer rD1 and fD1.A fragment about 1500bp long was obtained.The amplicons were digested by HaeⅢ and Afa Ⅰ together and run in agarose gels.As a result,48 Alnus-infected Frankia were distinguished into three different groups and 43 Hippophae-infected Frankia into three different groups,respectively.The results showed that there is great genetic diversity among the Frankia strains directly from root nodules.
    Geostatiscal analysis on spatial patterns of Macrosiphum granarium and Aphidius
    ZOU Yunding, BI Shoudong, WANG Xiangsheng, LI Guiting, MENG Qinglei, GENG Jiguang, SHEN Yang
    2001, (6):  887-891. 
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    The spatial structure and spatial correlativity of both Macrosiphum granarium and Aphidius populations at different period were investigated with the method of geostatistics.The results showed that the semivariogram of M.granarium appeared as spherical type,indicating its spatial pattern was an aggregated type with a range from 33 to 57 cm.The semivariogram of Aphidius was fitted into spherical model too,indicating an aggregated spatial arrangement with a range of 36～55 cm.The amount and spatial distribution of Aphidius was closely related to that of M.granarium,suggesting that Aphidius is the dominant natural enemy influencing M.granarium population.
    Experimental population life table of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang
    JIAO Yi, ZHAO Ping
    2001, (6):  892-896. 
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    The development,survival and fecundity of experimental population of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang were observed,and the life tables of the experimental population were constructed at 18,21,24,27,30 and 33℃.The generation survival rate of M.ericeri was in order of 24℃>27℃>30℃>21℃>33℃>18℃>15℃,indicating that excessively high or low temperature is unfavorable to the survival and fecundity,and that the ovum numbers,oviposition numbers and oviposition percentage of the female adult at 24℃ and 27℃ are higher than at other temperature.The relationship of temperature and the survival rate of generation (S),population trend index (I),net reproduction of population (R 0) and innate capacity of natural increase (rm) could be fitted by the parabola equation:y=a+bx+cx 2.S,I,R 0 and rm reached their peaks respectively in 24～27℃,suggesting that 24～27℃ is the most suitable temperature range of the development,survival and fecundity of M.ericeri.The population density increased gradually (I>1,rm>0),and the double time of population (t) was 15,16 and 23d respectively at 24,27 and 30℃.The population density kept stable (I≈1,rm≈0) at 21℃.The population increased negatively (I<1,rm<0) at 18℃ and 33℃,and M.ericeri could not reproduce its next generation at 15℃.
    Impact of human disturbance on fragmentation of village-level landscape
    HE Nianpeng, ZHOU Daowei, WU Ling, ZHANG Yufeng
    2001, (6):  897-899. 
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    Village has the characteristics of landscape disturbed by human's activities.It is a very good object to deplore the effect of human disturbance on landscape fragment.Based on vegetation change and major auxiliary energy input,the disturbance was divided into three levels,e.g.,strong,moderate and slight disturbances.Accordingly,the village environment was divided into three zones,center zone,transition zone and base zone,and the relationship between landscape fragment and human disturbance intensity was analyzed for each zone.The results showed that the total patch density indexes in three zones were 0.3416,0.3109 and 0.0028,and the landscape fragment indexes in three zones were 0.0820,0.0746 and 0.0007 respectively.Landscape fragment was closely related to disturbance degree,and stronger disturbance result in higher landscape fragment indexes.Moreover,there existed high landscape fragment indexes under moderate disturbance.
    Bacteria distribution and biological characteristics of vibrios in jellyfish from Bohai Sea
    LIU Quanyong, HU Jiangchun, MA Chengxin, XUE Delin, WANG Shujin
    2001, (6):  900-902. 
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    The bacteria distribution in jellyfish from Bohai Sea was investigated with dilution plate method. The result shows that anaerobes commonly existed in each part of jellyfish body, while aerobes mainly subsisted on jellyfish epiderm or in its head. Vibrios accounted for over 90% of total bacteria. By ameliorating the TCBS medium, 6 strains of vibrios were obtained from jellyfish. Studies on colony features, strain morphology, growth as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics show that these strains had common features, such as gram negative, oxidase positive, facultative anaerobic and growing on TCBS medium, which are typical characters of vibrios. In addition, all the 6 strains of vibrios can produce proteinase. Among which, JF2, JF4, JF5 and JF 6 showed strong proteinase-producing ability, which were possibly the main cause resulting in the decaying of jellyfish after being captured.
    Water balance of watershed ecosystem in river upper reaches of Nenjiang
    CHEN Xiangwei
    2001, (6):  903-907. 
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    Taken the second-degree watershed as study unit,on the basis of investigation and analysis on the structure character of the watershed, water balance in different level and scale such as forest types, ecosystem types and watershed was discussed quantitatively.Compared with natural secondary forests of birch, Dahurian birch, and broadleaf tree mixed one, larch plantation showed higher sluice function due to its higher canopy interception percentage. Evapotranspiration was the main form of water transportation in different ecosystems. The amount of runoff of natural mixed forest and larch plantation was significantly less than that of other forest types. The evapotranspiration percentage of grassland was 91.06%, which was higher than that of forests. But the evapotranspiration percentage of farmland was only 81.02%, which was lower than that of forests. It was Suggested that grassland had a very important function in sluice and retention storage capacity. In the end, the evapotranspiration of the total watershed acoounted for 80.84% of the precipitation, and only 23.26% for the runoff.
    Purifying service of ecosystem and its value
    SHI Xiaoqing, ZHAO Jingzhu, WU Gang, OUYANG Zhiyun
    2001, (6):  908-912. 
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    Purifying environment is one of the important sevices of ecosystem to human.Studying its mechanism and the value of ecosystem is very important to the protection and sustainable utility of nature resource.According to the principle of ecological economics and ecology,the purifying mechanism was addressed and the pattern of the purifying service was proposed.On the basis of this,according to the principle of economics and environment economics,the evaluating method of purifying value was also discussed in this paper.
    Articles
    Geographic variation of Larix olgensis
    YANG Chuanping, LIU Guifeng
    2001, (6):  801-805. 
    Asbtract ( 1265 )   PDF (1KB) ( 335 )  
    Based on the data of provenance test for 17 years in the whole natural distrbution range of Larix olgensis,the geographic variation patterns were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis(CCA).The results showed that the basic variation patterns of Larix olgensis,and it had the genetic character of rapid growth and long growing period.The synthetical interaction between water and heat factors mainly caused the variation of Larix olgensis,and among those factors,the temperature was the key factor.Among the genetic variation of geographic population characters,the variation of growth character was the most obvious,and it could be taken as the main character for provenance division.Allocating seeds from low equivalent latitude region to northern suitable afforestation areas(within 2 equivalent latitudes)would bring on great genetic gain.
    Biomass and nutrient accumulation of poplar plantation on beach land in Yangtse River in Anhui province
    WU Zemin, SUN Qixiang
    2001, (6):  806-810. 
    Asbtract ( 1297 )   PDF (1KB) ( 564 )  
    The authors summarized biomass pattern and production of Ⅰ-69 poplar clone plantation on beach land in Anhui province and built mathematical models for biomass with DBH and height as well.Meanwhile the LAI dynamics of the plantation was analyzed.The biomass of 11-year plantation of poplar on beach land was 90.2 t·hm-2,its production 8.2 t·hm-2·yr-1 for plantation and 21.59kg·yr-1 for single trees.Compared to the plantation at general sites in Jiangsu province,the production for individual on beach land was as 50% as higher.Its LAI was 3.32 m2·m-2,and the net LAI increasing reached highest level in 3 years after planting.Meanwhile the stand productivity was getting into highest too.To produce one ton biomass,it needed the following materials:N 3.369kg,P 0.327kg,K 2.424kg,Ca 7.465kg,Mg 0.525kg,Cu 0.00573kg,Mn 0.0186kg,Fe 0.111kg,Zn 0.000268kg;and absorbed S 0.72kg,Cr 0.000252kg,Cd 0.00039kg,Pb 0.00043kg.Statistical analysis for element content in annual rings indicated that there was negative relation between N and K,but positive for N and P.The inundation time had significantly positive influence on content of P and N,but negative to K.
    Application of sustainable and intensive management model of windbreaks/shelterbelts
    FAN Zhiping, ZENG Dehui, JIANG Fengqi, GUAN Wenbin, SHANG GUAN Zhouping
    2001, (6):  811-814. 
    Asbtract ( 994 )   PDF (224KB) ( 265 )  
    In this paper, with Populus in windbreaks/shelterbelts as study plants in three regions such as plain region of northern part of Liaoning, ecoton region of Bashang, Hebei Province, and semiarid tableland region of Weibei, Shanxi Province, and based on the main natural disaster factors and protection objective in these three regions, the data investigated in the study area were analyzed through statistics methods. The optimization management parameters were put forward for the sustainable and intensive management model of windbreaks/shelterbelts in three regions. The optimization porosity of shelterbelts/windbreaks in northern part of Liaoning, Bashang and Weibei should be 0.25～0.35,0.20～0.30, and 0.275～0.375 respectively. The distance between main belts should be 450～500m, 200m, and 200～250m respectively, and the distance between lateral belts should be 500～1000m, 500m, and 350～450m. The belt width should be 8m, 9m, and 4.5～8m respectively, with 3～4, 6, and 2～4 rows respectively. The spacing of trees should be 2m×1.5～3m, 1.5m×1.5m, and 1.5～3m×1.5～3m respectively. The protection mature age should be 15～16yr, 14～15yr and 12～14yr respectively. The protection mature time should be 10yr. 10～11yr. and 12～14yr respectively. The regeneration mode should be alternate strip-felling model, half strip-felling and engrafting model, and alternate strip-felling model respectively.
    Nitrogen-nutrition patterns of larch and ash trees and their interspecific differentiation
    CUI Xiaoyang
    2001, (6):  815-818. 
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    The spatial,temporal,quantitative and chemical patterns of nitrogen nutrition of larch(Larix olgensis)and ash (Fraxinus mandshurica)trees were studied in a belt-mixed (12-year-old) plantation,along with an additional pot experiment on larch and ash seedlings.That the two forest species had very different nitrogen-nutrition patterns in all the aspects mentioned above.In the shared below-ground space of mixed stand,the active fine roots of ash trees adjacent to larch belt dominantly occupied the uppermost layer of soil(0～20cm),while larch fine roots were pressed to deeper soil layers(20～60cm)by the exclusive competition from ash.In the whole growing season from May to September,both species showed evident peak period of N absorption.The peak period of ash trees appeared in middle-late June,while that of larch trees came up in middle-late July,approximately one month later than ash.In the quantitative aspect,ash consumed relatively larger amount of N with a lower nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE),while larch only required relatively smaller amount with a higher NUE(60.8% higher than ash).As for the apparent preferences for different inorganic forms of nitrogen nutrient(NH4+ or NO3-),ash tended to select NO3- as its favourite nitrogen source,while larch seemed to be neither NO3- nor NH4+ preferred.
    Articles
    Distribution patterns of trunks,branches,leaves and fruits in Dimocarpous longana
    LI Huashou, WANG Jianwu, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Jiaen
    2001, (6):  819-823. 
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    The distribution patterns and relationship of branches,leaves and fruits in the canopy of 6 years old typical engrafted(Dimocarpous longana) were investigated with stratification method.Result shows that the trunk was short and the canopy shaped as the natural semicircle.There were 4 or 5 main long branches in most trees.The long branches uniformly distributed in the canopy.The short branches,fruit-bearing branches and fruits uniformly distributed in the longitudinal rows paralleled the main branch.In the direction being vertical main branch,the short branches,the fruit-bearing branches and fruits uniformly distributed in the central section of canopy.Green leaves and fruits uniformly distributed on canopy surface.The fruits mainly distributed in the canopy from central to 60～150 cm layer of the canopy bottom,accounting for 78.9% of total fruits.The number of branches,fruit-bearing branches and number of fruits as well as the yield in different canopy layers was significantly linearly correlated.
    Population structure and dynamics of Larix chinenesis in Qinling Mountain
    YAN Guiqin, ZHAO Guifang, HU Zhenghai, YUE Ming
    2001, (6):  824-828. 
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    In Qinling Mountain,4 stands were set up at Taibai Mountain,Guangtou Mountain,Yuhuang Mountain,and Bingjingding Mountain respectively.280 plots in Larix chinensis population were investigated by sampling method.The community feature,size-class structure,and regulation of changing density were analyzed,as well as worked out the survival curve,death curve,and life table.The results showed that the populations had one peak of mortality between 25～30cm,and the survival curve trended to be the type between Deevey Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The populations were stable in large size-class and variable in small size-class.The restricting factor for the survival and development of the population was short seedling.
    Productivity and turnover of fine roots in poplar tree and grass roots
    LI Peizhi, FAN Shihua, WANG Lihua, XU Siming
    2001, (6):  829-832. 
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    The annual biomass,decomposition,growth and turnover of fine roots of poplar and grass roots (≤2.0 mm) in soil layer 0～40 cm were investigated in a northern poplar plantation.The results showed that annual biomass,dead root biomass,decomposition and growth of fine roots of poplar were 2.062,0.746,0.158,2.351t·hm-2,respectively,and the turnover rate was 1.14 times per year.For grass,annual biomass,dead root biomass,decomposition and growth of roots were 0.501,0.035,0.023,0.691t·hm-2,respectively,and the turnover rate was 1.38 times per year.Meanwhile the equation for dry weight loss of fine roots of poplar tree over time was presented as following:lnx/x0=0.9515e-00014t.
    Fixation and ecological effects of artificial Hippophae rhamnoides boskage on wind-rolling plants in slop of refuse dump
    TAI Peidong, LI Peijun, JIA Hongyu, SUN Tieheng
    2001, (6):  833-836. 
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    Wind-rolling plants can be fixed by artificial boskage of Hippophae rhamnoides in the slope in refuse dump,and formed some big plant coverage,which could be affected the growth of H.rhamnoides.However,the plant coverage was better than the artificial boskage of H.rhamnoides to soil and water conservation and fertilized soil.Moreover,flourishing vegetation would develop after the plant coverage was decayed.Therefore,the fixation of wind-rolling plant by H.rhamnoides could improve the restoration of vegetation and the soil and water conservation in refuse dump in open-cast mining area.
    Articles
    Impact of urbanization in rural areas on plant diversity: a case study in Zunhua City
    MA Keming, FU Bojie, GUO Xudong
    2001, (6):  837-840. 
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    Species diversities of urban,suburb and rural areas,as well as north,east,south and west were separately investigated in Zunhua City (39°55'～40°22'N,117°34'～118°14'E),Hebei Province,China.Soil samples were collected to show the difference of soil nutrients among those sites.The results showed that the soil nutrients of south and east were special,and those of west and north were similar.It was very different between suburb and rural.The plant diversity of west was lower than all the other directions,whereas south had the highest one.Herb was the reason of the difference.The urban area was very different in biodiversity compared with north,east,south and west.The plant diversities of urban,suburb and rural areas were of gradient and in accordant with the intensity gradient of land use.The total species in this area was 129,whereas the total species in Donglingshan,which is at the same latitude,was 997.The impact of urbanization was the introduction of some horticultural species,and the influence of topography and soil nutrient was very weak under this circumstance.
    Seasonal dynamics of environmental factors and decomposition rate of litter in Puccinellia tenuiflora community of Songnen grassland of China
    WANG Wei, GUO Jixun
    2001, (6):  841-844. 
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    This paper discussed the seasonal dynamics of eleven environmental factors and decomposition rate of litter in Puccinellia tenuiflora community.The environmental factors included microorganism respiration rate,soil organic matter content,the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of soil,soil temperature,soil water content,and etc.The seasonal dynamics of decomposition rate of litter showed a single-peak curve with the maximum 8.109mg穏-1 穌-1 in the middle August.The decomposition index of litter was 1.93,and 4 years would be needed to decompose 95% of the litter accumulated in the ground.The seasonal dynamics of microorganism respiration showed a single-peak curve with the maximum 11.4g稢穖-2 穌-1 in the middle July.The decomposition rate of litter was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content and the ratio of C/N of soil,and positively correlated with soil temperature.
    Changes of crop yields and soil fertility under long-term fertilization and recycled nutrients in manure on black soil ⅡDistribution of nutrients in crops
    WANG Delu, LIU Hongxiang, WANG Shouyu, MENG Kai, HAN Xiaozeng
    2001, (6):  845-848. 
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    Based on a long-term fertilization experiment from 1985 to 1995,the effect of fertilization and crop growing status on the parameters as nutrient concentration of crops,distribution ratio of nutrients in grain and in stalk,and harvested nutrients for producing 1000kg grain products of soybean,maize,and wheat crops were studied.The results indicated that under the normal fertilization condition,the parameters mentioned above were quite stable.Therefore,the parameters obtained from this study can be used for the calculation of nutrient budget of the farmland in this region.
    Articles
    Effects of nitrogen form on nitrogen absorption and photosynthesis of different wheat genotypes
    DAI Tingbo, CAO Weixing, JING Qi
    2001, (6):  849-852. 
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    The experiment was conducted in hydroponics to investigate the difference of three wheat genotypes on nitrogen absorption,accumulation and photosynthesis under three nitrogen forms (NO3-,EAN and NH4+).Nitrogen absorption rate of EAN and NH4+ was significantly higher than that of NO3- in different nitrogen concentrations.Particularly in higher concentration,EAN had much higher absorption potential than NH4+.YM158,as a sensitive genotype to EAN,had higher absorption rate of NO3- and NH4+,and highest of EAN as compared with LZ953 and JDM.EAN highly promoted the absorption of NO3- and NH4+ in YM158 and LZ953,but slightly inhibited that of NO3- in JDM.Compared with NO3- nutrition and NH4+ nutrition,EAN increased nitrogen accumulation in whole plant and aboveground part,and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of YM158 and LZ953,but slightly increased that of JDM.The results indicate that increased growth of wheat under EAN is associated with enhanced nitrogen absorption,increased nitrogen accumulation and net photosynthetic rate.
    Effect of seeding date on yield characteristics of different rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes
    LIAO Guiping, GUAN Chunyun
    2001, (6):  853-858. 
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    In this paper, the characters of yield and yield components of three rapeseed(Brassica napus) genotypes and the ecological relationship between yield and photo-temperature were studied. The feasible way of improving rapeseed yield of multiple cropping in middle reaches of the Changjiang River was also discussed. The results show that different photo-temperature condition during rapeseed growing period induced by different seeding date resulted in a great difference in yield and yield components.There existed a very significant correlation between numbers of pods per plant, PAI(pod area index), main inflorescence yield and branch yield and accumulated temperature and dylight hours respectively, but no significant correlation for 1000-seed weight and SNPA(seed numbers per unit pod area). Seeding date mainly affected branch development and growth and branch yield formation,resulting in a highly significant effect on yield. So the seeding date of rapeseed of multiple cropping was appropriately shifted to an earlier time, and if seeding after October 20, the plant density may increase to 375～450 thousand plant·hm-2 to make up branches with main inflorescence and to improve rapeseed yield.
    Dynamic simulation on growth and development of spring corn in different cropping patterns in northern Zhejiang Province
    CHEN Jie, YANG Jingping, WANG Zhaoqian
    2001, (6):  859-862. 
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    A simulation model was established on the basis of MACROS model and field experimental data,which can well describe the processes of the growth and development of spring corn in different cropping patterns. The influence of sowing time on spring corn of production in the barley-corn-rice cropping system in northern Zhejiang Province was studied using the new model. The results showed the ideal sowing period of spring corn was late March to early April. The density of cropping corn should be reasonably increased,compared to the monocropping corn.
    ICP-AES studies on characteristics of distribution,accumulation and transportation of rare earth elements in soil-Dicranopteris dichotoma system
    WEI Zhenggui, WAN Shoukang, ZHANG Xun, HONG Fashui, ZHAO Guiwen, TAO Ye
    2001, (6):  863-866. 
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    The contents of La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Dy,Yb and Y in soils and Dicranopteris dichotoma collected from 4 rare earth mining areas and 1 non-mining area in south Jiangxi Province were determined using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) method,and the distribution patterns and transportation characteristics of the rare earth elements (REEs) in soil profiles and Dicranopteris dichotoma tissues were discussed.The results showed that the REEs contents in the C horizon the soils were the highest,but Ce was relatively concentrated in A horizon.The total amount of the REEs in Dicranopteris dichotoma tissues was in order of leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk,but the distribution patterns of individual REE were various,ie.,La,Ce,Pr and Nd,leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk,Sm and Gd,leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk or root>leaf>stem>leaf stalk,and Dy,Yb and Y,leaf>root>stem>leaf stalk,root>leaf>stem>leaf stalk,or root>stem>leaf>leaf stalk.The REEs were obviously fractionated in their transportion processes in Dicranopteris dichotoma tissues and heavy REEs in stems,leaf stalks and leaves of the plant were relatively poor.
    Effects of peat and weathered coal on activity of rice root system and its nutritional absorption
    SONG Xuan, ZENG Dehui, LIN Heming
    2001, (6):  867-870. 
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    Effects of peat and weathered coal on activity of rice root system and its nutritional absorption were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that adding peat and weathered coal improved α-naphthyl amine oxidizing activity of root system during the different growing phases of rice,ameliorated the nutrient supplying of saline-alkali soil,enhanced the yield of rice,and increased the nutritional absorption of N,P2O5、K2O,CaO,and MgO by rice.To increase productivity,peat is better than the same quantity of weathered coal.
    Rice allelopathy and its physiobiochemical characteristics
    LIN Wenxiong, HE Huaqin, GUO Yichun, LIANG Yiyuan, CHEN Fangyu
    2001, (6):  871-875. 
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    Selecting six strong allelopathy rice varieties as donor plants,barnyardgrass as receiver plant,authors dealt with the allelopathy and physiobiochemical characteristics of rice.The results show that increasing the extract concentration enhanced the inhibition effect on the growth of barnyardgrass.The inhibition effect was negatively correlative with the target weed densities.The aqueous extracts of rice leaves significantly inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in barnyardgrass,therefore affected the growth of barnyardgrass.The activity of PAL was positively correlative with the content of phenolics.The interaction of phenolic compounds might be additive or antagonized.
    Symbiotic association of Hippophae rhamnoides and the microbes
    HE Xingyuan, WU Qingfeng, HAN Guiyun, ZHOU Yuzhi, TIAN Chunjie
    2001, (6):  876-878. 
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    Symbiosis between Frankia,VA mycorrhizal fungi and Hippophae rhamnoides was conducted in pot cultures.The results indicated the correlation of VA mycorrhizae and Frankia.In treatment inoculated VAH and HR16, height, diameter, fresh weight,chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate increased by 42.25%,33.52%,198.56%,43.33%,and 17.44% respectively.
    Detection of Bacillus thuringiensis plasmids and preliminary studiy on their functions
    LI Lin, WANG Zheng, YU Ziniu
    2001, (6):  879-882. 
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    The plasmids carried in 11 Bacillus thuringiensis wild-type strains of 4 subspecies were detected using the improved lysozyme-alkaline preparation procedure,and an effective preparation result and recovery was found. By comparing the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties between wild-type strain YBT-1463 and its plasmid-free mutant strain BMB171, it was indicated that the plasmids of YBT-1463 carried insecticidal crystal protein genes,but no resistance genes. There was no relationship between resident plasmids and utilising of 19 sources of carbon and 12 sources of nitrogen in the wild-type strain YBT-1463.
    Biodiversity of Frankia strains in nodules from Alnus and Hippophae by ARDRA
    WU Shaohui, ZHANG Huiwen, XIONG Zhi, LIU Zhong, ZHANG Zhongze, ZHANG Chenggang
    2001, (6):  883-886. 
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    S ribosomal DNAs(rDNAs) of total 91 samples of Frankia strains in root nodules from Alnus and Hippophae were ampilified by PCR with primer rD1 and fD1.A fragment about 1500bp long was obtained.The amplicons were digested by HaeⅢ and Afa Ⅰ together and run in agarose gels.As a result,48 Alnus-infected Frankia were distinguished into three different groups and 43 Hippophae-infected Frankia into three different groups,respectively.The results showed that there is great genetic diversity among the Frankia strains directly from root nodules.
    Geostatiscal analysis on spatial patterns of Macrosiphum granarium and Aphidius
    ZOU Yunding, BI Shoudong, WANG Xiangsheng, LI Guiting, MENG Qinglei, GENG Jiguang, SHEN Yang
    2001, (6):  887-891. 
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    The spatial structure and spatial correlativity of both Macrosiphum granarium and Aphidius populations at different period were investigated with the method of geostatistics.The results showed that the semivariogram of M.granarium appeared as spherical type,indicating its spatial pattern was an aggregated type with a range from 33 to 57 cm.The semivariogram of Aphidius was fitted into spherical model too,indicating an aggregated spatial arrangement with a range of 36～55 cm.The amount and spatial distribution of Aphidius was closely related to that of M.granarium,suggesting that Aphidius is the dominant natural enemy influencing M.granarium population.
    Experimental population life table of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang
    JIAO Yi, ZHAO Ping
    2001, (6):  892-896. 
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    The development,survival and fecundity of experimental population of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang were observed,and the life tables of the experimental population were constructed at 18,21,24,27,30 and 33℃.The generation survival rate of M.ericeri was in order of 24℃>27℃>30℃>21℃>33℃>18℃>15℃,indicating that excessively high or low temperature is unfavorable to the survival and fecundity,and that the ovum numbers,oviposition numbers and oviposition percentage of the female adult at 24℃ and 27℃ are higher than at other temperature.The relationship of temperature and the survival rate of generation (S),population trend index (I),net reproduction of population (R 0) and innate capacity of natural increase (rm) could be fitted by the parabola equation:y=a+bx+cx 2.S,I,R 0 and rm reached their peaks respectively in 24～27℃,suggesting that 24～27℃ is the most suitable temperature range of the development,survival and fecundity of M.ericeri.The population density increased gradually (I>1,rm>0),and the double time of population (t) was 15,16 and 23d respectively at 24,27 and 30℃.The population density kept stable (I≈1,rm≈0) at 21℃.The population increased negatively (I<1,rm<0) at 18℃ and 33℃,and M.ericeri could not reproduce its next generation at 15℃.
    Impact of human disturbance on fragmentation of village-level landscape
    HE Nianpeng, ZHOU Daowei, WU Ling, ZHANG Yufeng
    2001, (6):  897-899. 
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    Village has the characteristics of landscape disturbed by human's activities.It is a very good object to deplore the effect of human disturbance on landscape fragment.Based on vegetation change and major auxiliary energy input,the disturbance was divided into three levels,e.g.,strong,moderate and slight disturbances.Accordingly,the village environment was divided into three zones,center zone,transition zone and base zone,and the relationship between landscape fragment and human disturbance intensity was analyzed for each zone.The results showed that the total patch density indexes in three zones were 0.3416,0.3109 and 0.0028,and the landscape fragment indexes in three zones were 0.0820,0.0746 and 0.0007 respectively.Landscape fragment was closely related to disturbance degree,and stronger disturbance result in higher landscape fragment indexes.Moreover,there existed high landscape fragment indexes under moderate disturbance.
    Bacteria distribution and biological characteristics of vibrios in jellyfish from Bohai Sea
    LIU Quanyong, HU Jiangchun, MA Chengxin, XUE Delin, WANG Shujin
    2001, (6):  900-902. 
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    The bacteria distribution in jellyfish from Bohai Sea was investigated with dilution plate method. The result shows that anaerobes commonly existed in each part of jellyfish body, while aerobes mainly subsisted on jellyfish epiderm or in its head. Vibrios accounted for over 90% of total bacteria. By ameliorating the TCBS medium, 6 strains of vibrios were obtained from jellyfish. Studies on colony features, strain morphology, growth as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics show that these strains had common features, such as gram negative, oxidase positive, facultative anaerobic and growing on TCBS medium, which are typical characters of vibrios. In addition, all the 6 strains of vibrios can produce proteinase. Among which, JF2, JF4, JF5 and JF 6 showed strong proteinase-producing ability, which were possibly the main cause resulting in the decaying of jellyfish after being captured.
    Water balance of watershed ecosystem in river upper reaches of Nenjiang
    CHEN Xiangwei
    2001, (6):  903-907. 
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    Taken the second-degree watershed as study unit,on the basis of investigation and analysis on the structure character of the watershed, water balance in different level and scale such as forest types, ecosystem types and watershed was discussed quantitatively.Compared with natural secondary forests of birch, Dahurian birch, and broadleaf tree mixed one, larch plantation showed higher sluice function due to its higher canopy interception percentage. Evapotranspiration was the main form of water transportation in different ecosystems. The amount of runoff of natural mixed forest and larch plantation was significantly less than that of other forest types. The evapotranspiration percentage of grassland was 91.06%, which was higher than that of forests. But the evapotranspiration percentage of farmland was only 81.02%, which was lower than that of forests. It was Suggested that grassland had a very important function in sluice and retention storage capacity. In the end, the evapotranspiration of the total watershed acoounted for 80.84% of the precipitation, and only 23.26% for the runoff.
    Purifying service of ecosystem and its value
    SHI Xiaoqing, ZHAO Jingzhu, WU Gang, OUYANG Zhiyun
    2001, (6):  908-912. 
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    Purifying environment is one of the important sevices of ecosystem to human.Studying its mechanism and the value of ecosystem is very important to the protection and sustainable utility of nature resource.According to the principle of ecological economics and ecology,the purifying mechanism was addressed and the pattern of the purifying service was proposed.On the basis of this,according to the principle of economics and environment economics,the evaluating method of purifying value was also discussed in this paper.
    Articles
    Bio-concentration factors of reactive X-3B red dye and its distribution in crop tissues
    ZHOU Qixing, REN Liping, CHENG Yun
    2001, 12(6):  913-916. 
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    Organic dyes have become an important type of organic pollutants occurred in environment of China.Bio-concentration factors(BCF)of reactive X-3B red dye and its distribution in corp tissues were studied using the ecologically microcosmic method of water culture and soil culture.The results indicated that BCF was 252.1～409.4 under the experimental conditions.According to the tested BCF values and relevant judging standards,the ability of living organisms concentrating the dye was at middle levels.The concentration of the dye accumulated in roots of the tested crops was higher than 10 times of that in their overground parts,in particular,the trend in radish whose roots are used as human food was very obvious.As for the crops whose overground seeds are used as human food and due to the integrality of soil-crop systems,the concentration of the dye accumulated in these crops and their tissues was in order of soybean>wheat>rice,and rootstem>leaf>seed without hulls.The maximum concentration of the dye accumulated in rice seed without hulls could be even up to 23.33μg·kg-1,although the accumulation was lowest among the three crops.Therefore,ecological risk from pollution of the dye cannot be neglected.
    Bio-concentration factors of reactive X-3B red dye and its distribution in crop tissues
    ZHOU Qixing, REN Liping, CHENG Yun
    2001, (6):  913-916. 
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    Organic dyes have become an important type of organic pollutants occurred in environment of China.Bio-concentration factors(BCF)of reactive X-3B red dye and its distribution in corp tissues were studied using the ecologically microcosmic method of water culture and soil culture.The results indicated that BCF was 252.1～409.4 under the experimental conditions.According to the tested BCF values and relevant judging standards,the ability of living organisms concentrating the dye was at middle levels.The concentration of the dye accumulated in roots of the tested crops was higher than 10 times of that in their overground parts,in particular,the trend in radish whose roots are used as human food was very obvious.As for the crops whose overground seeds are used as human food and due to the integrality of soil-crop systems,the concentration of the dye accumulated in these crops and their tissues was in order of soybean>wheat>rice,and rootstem>leaf>seed without hulls.The maximum concentration of the dye accumulated in rice seed without hulls could be even up to 23.33μg·kg-1,although the accumulation was lowest among the three crops.Therefore,ecological risk from pollution of the dye cannot be neglected.
    Potential effect of fertilising and tilling on N2O emission from upland soils analyzed by DNDC model
    XU Wenbin, LIU Weiping, LIU Guangshen
    2001, 12(6):  917-922. 
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    A corn-rape and a soybean-winter wheat rotation field in Guizhou Province were selected to measure N2O fluxes from sub-tropical upland soils.Based on the function of the DNDC model in well elucidating the seasonal changes of N2O flux and the effects of fertilising and tilling on them,it was thus used to assess the potential effect of variations in application of manure and N-fertilisers,fertilising timing,N-fertiliser types,fertilising depth,and tillage on N2O fluxes from sub-tropical upland soils.The results could be used to enact relevant policies,and to explore the potential for controlling N2O emissions from agricultural soils by changing fertilising and tilling.
    Potential effect of fertilising and tilling on N2O emission from upland soils analyzed by DNDC model
    XU Wenbin, LIU Weiping, LIU Guangshen
    2001, (6):  917-922. 
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    A corn-rape and a soybean-winter wheat rotation field in Guizhou Province were selected to measure N2O fluxes from sub-tropical upland soils.Based on the function of the DNDC model in well elucidating the seasonal changes of N2O flux and the effects of fertilising and tilling on them,it was thus used to assess the potential effect of variations in application of manure and N-fertilisers,fertilising timing,N-fertiliser types,fertilising depth,and tillage on N2O fluxes from sub-tropical upland soils.The results could be used to enact relevant policies,and to explore the potential for controlling N2O emissions from agricultural soils by changing fertilising and tilling.
    Dry deposition flux of air sulphur at a typical red soil area-with Jiangxi Red Soil Station as example
    WANG Tijian, LI Zongkai
    2001, 12(6):  923-926. 
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    The concentrations of SO2 and SO42- in air were observed on farmland at Yingtan,the typical red soil area of Jiangxi Province.Based on data provided by the automatic meteorological station of China Ecosystem Research Network,the dry deposition velocity of SO2 and SO42- was calculated using a resistance model,and the dry deposition flux of sulphur from the atmosphere to the farmland ecosystem was estimated.The results showed that the average dry deposition velocity(Vd)of SO2 and SO42- was 0.43 and 0.23cm·s-1,respectively.The Vd of SO2 and SO42- in the daytime was significantly higher than that at night,and the highest velocity occurred in the afternoon.The total annual dry-deposition flux of sulphur inputted to farmland ecosystems was 13.4g ·m-2.
    Dry deposition flux of air sulphur at a typical red soil area-with Jiangxi Red Soil Station as example
    WANG Tijian, LI Zongkai
    2001, (6):  923-926. 
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    The concentrations of SO2 and SO42- in air were observed on farmland at Yingtan,the typical red soil area of Jiangxi Province.Based on data provided by the automatic meteorological station of China Ecosystem Research Network,the dry deposition velocity of SO2 and SO42- was calculated using a resistance model,and the dry deposition flux of sulphur from the atmosphere to the farmland ecosystem was estimated.The results showed that the average dry deposition velocity(Vd)of SO2 and SO42- was 0.43 and 0.23cm穝-1,respectively.The Vd of SO2 and SO42- in the daytime was significantly higher than that at night,and the highest velocity occurred in the afternoon.The total annual dry-deposition flux of sulphur inputted to farmland ecosystems was 13.4g 穖-2.
    Articles
    Advances in the rescarch of underground biomass
    YU Wantai, YU Yongqiang
    2001, 12(6):  927-932. 
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    In the process of biomass study,underground biomass was very important,but it was often ignored.In this paper,were the four main methods used in studying:soil monolith,soil coring,ingrowth soil core,and minirhizotron.And then,we concluded the rule of underground biomass changing in space and time.We also discussed the effect of environmental factors on underground biomass such as precipitation,heat, reclamation,grazing and the turnover of underground biomass.
    Advances in the rescarch of underground biomass
    YU Wantai, YU Yongqiang
    2001, (6):  927-932. 
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    In the process of biomass study,underground biomass was very important,but it was often ignored.In this paper,were the four main methods used in studying:soil monolith,soil coring,ingrowth soil core,and minirhizotron.And then,we concluded the rule of underground biomass changing in space and time.We also discussed the effect of environmental factors on underground biomass such as precipitation,heat, reclamation,grazing and the turnover of underground biomass.
    Research progress on surveying and calculation of forest evapotranspiration and its prospects
    WANG Anzhi, PEI Tiefan
    2001, 12(6):  933-937. 
    Asbtract ( 1952 )   PDF (1KB) ( 694 )  
    The authors summarized the main theories and methods in the research of forest evapotranspiration,which are lysimeter,ventilated chamber,eddy correlation,water balance,energy balance,EBBR,Penman-Monteith,SPAC,experience formula and remote sensing methods,and the problems in applications were discussed.The use of scintillometer to measure sensible heat flux and the use of double frequency macrowave radiometer to gain the capacity of atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water were introduced.Finally,the idea to acquire the quantity of evapotranspiration by the analysis of atmospheric water vapor balance was proposed,and the future trends in forest evapotranspiration research were forecasted.
    Research progress on surveying and calculation of forest evapotranspiration and its prospects
    WANG Anzhi, PEI Tiefan
    2001, (6):  933-937. 
    Asbtract ( 1083 )   PDF (1KB) ( 682 )  
    The authors summarized the main theories and methods in the research of forest evapotranspiration,which are lysimeter,ventilated chamber,eddy correlation,water balance,energy balance,EBBR,Penman-Monteith,SPAC,experience formula and remote sensing methods,and the problems in applications were discussed.The use of scintillometer to measure sensible heat flux and the use of double frequency macrowave radiometer to gain the capacity of atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water were introduced.Finally,the idea to acquire the quantity of evapotranspiration by the analysis of atmospheric water vapor balance was proposed,and the future trends in forest evapotranspiration research were forecasted.
    Effect of grazing on photosynthesis and respiration of herbage and on its absorption and transporation of nitrogen and carbon
    HOU Fujiang
    2001, 12(6):  938-942. 
    Asbtract ( 2364 )   PDF (1KB) ( 744 )  
    The research on the effect of grazing on physiological action of herbage plays an important role in probe into the physiological mechanism of succession in grazing grassland.Many results showed that the effect of grazing on photosynthesis respiration,absorption and transportation of nitrogen and carbon in herbage could be significantly divided into two stages,including physiological injury and regularization.The changed structure of canopy by grazing resulted in a variation of canopy photosynthesis.The net photosynthetic rate was sharply decreased in short period,and then gradually getting back with the increase of leaf area.The response of respiration to grazing was similar to that of photosynthesis.Nitrogen and carbon used in the revegetation chiefly came from the stored matter in root and stubble at the first period after grazing.Then,the assimilation met the need of revegetation to use nitrogen and carbon with the recovery of physiological action.The absorption and transportation of carbon after grazing was negative relationship with the nitrogen level in soils.The effect of grazing on the physiological processes of herbage had a close relationship with the genetic characteristics of herbage,inter-specific competition,grazing characteristics of livestock,and environmentally abiotic factors such as light,heat,water and soil.
    Effect of grazing on photosynthesis and respiration of herbage and on its absorption and transporation of nitrogen and carbon
    HOU Fujiang
    2001, (6):  938-942. 
    Asbtract ( 1126 )   PDF (1KB) ( 366 )  
    The research on the effect of grazing on physiological action of herbage plays an important role in probe into the physiological mechanism of succession in grazing grassland.Many results showed that the effect of grazing on photosynthesis respiration,absorption and transportation of nitrogen and carbon in herbage could be significantly divided into two stages,including physiological injury and regularization.The changed structure of canopy by grazing resulted in a variation of canopy photosynthesis.The net photosynthetic rate was sharply decreased in short period,and then gradually getting back with the increase of leaf area.The response of respiration to grazing was similar to that of photosynthesis.Nitrogen and carbon used in the revegetation chiefly came from the stored matter in root and stubble at the first period after grazing.Then,the assimilation met the need of revegetation to use nitrogen and carbon with the recovery of physiological action.The absorption and transportation of carbon after grazing was negative relationship with the nitrogen level in soils.The effect of grazing on the physiological processes of herbage had a close relationship with the genetic characteristics of herbage,inter-specific competition,grazing characteristics of livestock,and environmentally abiotic factors such as light,heat,water and soil.
    Research advance in response and adaptation of bryophytes to environmental change
    WU Yuhuan, HUANG Guohong, GAO Qian, CAO Tong
    2001, 12(6):  943-946. 
    Asbtract ( 1886 )   PDF (656KB) ( 1836 )  
    Bryophyte is an ideal kind of biological indicator due to its sensitivity to environmental changes resulted from relatively simple structure.The research advances on influences of environmental factor changes,such as water,light,and temperature on bryophytes and the response and adaptation of bryophytes to the environmental pollution were reviewed,in order to enhance further studies on response,adaptation and ecological indicating of bryophytes to the environmental changes and pollution in China.
    Research advance in response and adaptation of bryophytes to environmental change
    WU Yuhuan, HUANG Guohong, GAO Qian, CAO Tong
    2001, (6):  943-946. 
    Asbtract ( 1453 )   PDF (656KB) ( 394 )  
    Bryophyte is an ideal kind of biological indicator due to its sensitivity to environmental changes resulted from relatively simple structure.The research advances on influences of environmental factor changes,such as water,light,and temperature on bryophytes and the response and adaptation of bryophytes to the environmental pollution were reviewed,in order to enhance further studies on response,adaptation and ecological indicating of bryophytes to the environmental changes and pollution in China.
    Mycorrhizae and its application in desertification land restoration
    ZHAO Wenzhi, CHENG Guodong
    2001, 12(6):  947-950. 
    Asbtract ( 1557 )   PDF (1KB) ( 1069 )  
    The roles of mycorrhizae and its response to the desertification,as well as its application in desertification land restoration were discussed in this paper.It is suggested that mycorrhizae can not only promote the nutrient absorption,improve photosynthesis rate,and enhance the drought and salinity resistance,but also can adjust to the relationship among plants,succession trajectories and biodiversity in community.Human activities including tillage,overgrazing,and mining can not only cause land desertification,but also impact negatively on the persistence and establishment of mycorrhizae.Introduction of exotic mycorrhizal fungi and culture of remnant of native,establishment of brush with mycorrhizae in clump,mycorrhizalization seedling in afforestation,and storage of surface soil should be carried out in order to speed up the desertification land restoration.
    Mycorrhizae and its application in desertification land restoration
    ZHAO Wenzhi, CHENG Guodong
    2001, (6):  947-950. 
    Asbtract ( 1358 )   PDF (1KB) ( 570 )  
    The roles of mycorrhizae and its response to the desertification,as well as its application in desertification land restoration were discussed in this paper.It is suggested that mycorrhizae can not only promote the nutrient absorption,improve photosynthesis rate,and enhance the drought and salinity resistance,but also can adjust to the relationship among plants,succession trajectories and biodiversity in community.Human activities including tillage,overgrazing,and mining can not only cause land desertification,but also impact negatively on the persistence and establishment of mycorrhizae.Introduction of exotic mycorrhizal fungi and culture of remnant of native,establishment of brush with mycorrhizae in clump,mycorrhizalization seedling in afforestation,and storage of surface soil should be carried out in order to speed up the desertification land restoration.
    On riparian forest buffers and riparian management
    DENG Hongbing, WANG Qingchun, WANG Qingli, WU Wenchun, SHAO Guofan
    2001, 12(6):  951-954. 
    Asbtract ( 1999 )   PDF (131KB) ( 471 )  
    Riparian is a kind of landscape representation of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone,the vegetation area in the terrene that has interactions with waters,and the transition region between waters and upland vegetations.At present,people pay attentions to the riparian conservation and management increasingly,and riparian management has been the indispensable aspect for management of natural resources.In this paper,the overseas research and practice of riparian management summarized and the objectives,effects,approaches,current problem,and developing direction of riparian management discussed.The riparian forest buffers system in the USDA-FS report introduced in detail,and it is necessary to develop the studies and practices of riparian management in China.
    On riparian forest buffers and riparian management
    DENG Hongbing, WANG Qingchun, WANG Qingli, WU Wenchun, SHAO Guofan
    2001, (6):  951-954. 
    Asbtract ( 1379 )   PDF (131KB) ( 511 )  
    Riparian is a kind of landscape representation of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone,the vegetation area in the terrene that has interactions with waters,and the transition region between waters and upland vegetations.At present,people pay attentions to the riparian conservation and management increasingly,and riparian management has been the indispensable aspect for management of natural resources.In this paper,the overseas research and practice of riparian management summarized and the objectives,effects,approaches,current problem,and developing direction of riparian management discussed.The riparian forest buffers system in the USDA-FS report introduced in detail,and it is necessary to develop the studies and practices of riparian management in China.
    Effect of grazing and mowing intensity on density and energy accumulation of
    BAO Guozhang, LI Xianglin, BAI Jing ren
    2001, 12(6):  955-957. 
    Asbtract ( 1155 )   PDF (173KB) ( 371 )  
    The population density,caloric value and energy accumulation of Dactylis.glomeratawere significantly increased after moderate grazing.Tuft size was decreased,while the tuft density was significantly increased due to the high grazing intensity which showed the different reproductive strategies on the sites with various grazing intensities.Both inadequate grazing and over-grazing lowered the density and energy accumulation of D.glomerata.65% rate of consumption of the grasses,or 4 times of mowing in 1 year contributed to the rapid growth of D.glomerataand the sustainable development of the grassland.
    Effect of grazing and mowing intensity on density and energy accumulation of
    BAO Guozhang, LI Xianglin, BAI Jing ren
    2001, (6):  955-957. 
    Asbtract ( 1144 )   PDF (173KB) ( 193 )  
    The population density,caloric value and energy accumulation of Dactylis.glomeratawere significantly increased after moderate grazing.Tuft size was decreased,while the tuft density was significantly increased due to the high grazing intensity which showed the different reproductive strategies on the sites with various grazing intensities.Both inadequate grazing and over-grazing lowered the density and energy accumulation of D.glomerata.65% rate of consumption of the grasses,or 4 times of mowing in 1 year contributed to the rapid growth of D.glomerataand the sustainable development of the grassland.
    Content and distribution of copper in soils of Tibet
    ZHANG Xiaoping, ZHANG Yuxia, WANG Jing
    2001, 12(6):  958-960. 
    Asbtract ( 1485 )   PDF (167KB) ( 358 )  
    Cu content in soils sampled from different sites in Tibet was analyzed.The results showed that the average Cu content of soils was 19.6mg·kg-1,lower than the average content in China.The content of Cu was distributed in Tibet with a total of gradually decreasing from the southeast to the northwest,which was consistent with the direction of change in the zonal successions of soil in Tibet.The variation of the content of Cu in the soils developed from different soil parent materials in Tibet was very remarkable,and the content of Cu in the soil developed from shale was greatly higher than that in the soil developed from other soil parent material.
    Content and distribution of copper in soils of Tibet
    ZHANG Xiaoping, ZHANG Yuxia, WANG Jing
    2001, (6):  958-960. 
    Asbtract ( 1156 )   PDF (167KB) ( 192 )  
    Cu content in soils sampled from different sites in Tibet was analyzed.The results showed that the average Cu content of soils was 19.6mg穔g-1,lower than the average content in China.The content of Cu was distributed in Tibet with a total of gradually decreasing from the southeast to the northwest,which was consistent with the direction of change in the zonal successions of soil in Tibet.The variation of the content of Cu in the soils developed from different soil parent materials in Tibet was very remarkable,and the content of Cu in the soil developed from shale was greatly higher than that in the soil developed from other soil parent material.