Table of Content

25 April 1995, Volume 6 Issue 2

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Articles

Demography of Larix gmclini seedling population in natural old-growth forests of north Daxinganling Mts

Ban Yong, Xu Huacheng

1995, 6(2):  113-118. 

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Demography of Larix gmelini seedling population in natural old-growth forest of northDaxinganling Mts.show that after each fructification year, a great number of larchseedlings are emerged mainly in next June, and part of them died within a period of 15days after emergence.The emergence of L.gmelini seedlings in old-growth L.gmelini Alnus mandshurica forest is later than in L.gmelini-Betula fruticosa and L.gmeliniLedum palustre forests.The seedlings have a mortality of 48% within15 days and of 97% in3 years for L.gmelini-L.palustre forest, 29% and 66% for L.gmelini-B.fruticosa forest and 33% and 69% for L.gmelini-A.mandshurica forest.The seedlings emerged after July have a low survival rate, and appear a prominent advantage of early establishment in L.gmelini-B.fruticosa and L.gmelini-A.mandshurica forests, especially inthe latter.The annual survival rate of seedlings of different forests varies greatly, and decreases in order of L.gmelini-B.fruticosa, L.gmelini-A.mandshurica and L.gmelini-L.palustre.

Vegetation recovery in subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest Ⅱ Gas exchange of woody legumes

Sun Guchou, Zeng Xiaoping, Wei Chuanzhao, Yu Zuoyue

1995, 6(2):  119-122. 

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Monthly variation of photosynthetic rates of leaves was measured with woody legumesand native plants as Schima superba and S.wallichii.The daily gas exchange rates inleaves of these plants and subtropical evergreen broad leaved plants were also determinedin July and December.Native plants have a maximum photosynthetic rate in May or September, which decreases among this duration due to the violent solar radiation andhigh air temperature.Woody legumes as Acacia holosericea and A.auriculaeformis alsohave a higher photosynthetic rate, which shows that these plants can adapt to the localhot weather in summer.The daily accumulation of photosynthetic products is 8.59g, m^-2for Cinnamomum burmani, 5.69 g m^-2 for A.mangium and 7.46 g·m^-2 for native plant S.superba in July.Therefore, mixing native plants or evergreen broad leaved trees withwoody legumes will be beneficial to the promotion of solar radiation utilization, increase of photosynthetic production and recovery of vegetation in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest.

Biomass and productivity of Pinus sylvestriformis plantation

Zou Chuning, Bu Jun, Xu Wenduo

1995, 6(2):  123-127. 

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Studies on biomass and productivity of Pinus sylvestriformis plantation with relativegrowth and quadrat-harvesting methods show that the total biomass and the total net production of the community are respectively 111.982t·ha^-1 and 8942.80kg·ha^-1·yr^-1, and those of tree, shrub and herb layers are respectively 106.150, 2.230, 2.264t· ha^-1 and 7465.00, 223.00, 1182.00kg· ha^-1·yr^-1, each occupying by 94.79, 1.99, 2.02% and 83.47, 2.49, 13.22% of the total.The biomass of littet layer is 0.364t· ha^-1 and that ofdead standing tree is 0.974t·ha^-1.These data show that tending felling must be taken to regulate the production structure of the community, to enhance the integrated functionsof forest ecosystem and to breed an excellent fast-growing and high-yield forest.

Effect of rise in air-temperature on tree ring growth of forest on Changbai Mountain

Wang Miao, Bat Shuju, Tao Dan, Shan Jianping

1995, 6(2):  128-132. 

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To study the effect of global warming on temperate forest ecosystem, 1553 tree ring samples of 13 tree species planted in 1982 - 1991 on Changbai Mountain are.drilled and theirwidths are analyzed in relation to meteorological data.The results show that few significant relationships can be detected between annual ring width and corresponding annualtemperature regime.However, as compared with the period of 1982-1986, the averageannual air temperature and ring width are increased by 0.48℃ and 6.1 %, respectively in1987-1991.When average annual air temperature is increased by 1℃ in corresponding to 176m lower elevation, the annual ring width is increased by 50%.Accordingly, 1℃ increment in average annual temperature results in an increase of 0.6-3.1m³ha^-1·yr^-1 in woodvolume growth rate.It is found that the accelerated growth is positively related to thetemperature rise at night rather than at day time.Deciduous tree species responds to temperature rise more sensitively than conifer, and hence, its proportion in the standing composition of deciduous-Korean pine forest will increase accordingly.

Correlation among eltments in tree rings on Xixia Mountain of Nanjing and their combination types

Dong Yawen, Qian Junlong, Huang Jingsu, Tang Wanlong

1995, 6(2):  133-137. 

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Correlative statistics and group analysis of 8 elements contents of 303 tree ring samples of Pinus thunbergii and Pinus massoniana at mining area of Xixia Mountain show that the enrichements of K, Ca, Mg and Pin tree rings and their correlations are not influenced bymining activities, while the correlations among Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn are related to the landsurface subsidence in a certain extent, due to open mining or shallow pit mining.Themining sector is characterized by the combination types of K-P, Mg-Zn and Ca-Mn, andits surrounding area is characterized by those of K-P and Mg-Mn.

Winter inhibition in photosynthetic ability of Changbai Mountain evergreen conifers

Bai Shuju, Tao Dali, Jin Yuehua

1995, 6(2):  138-142. 

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To approach whether there exists winter inhibition in photosynthetic ability of conifersother than Pinus koraiensis, and whether shading can ameliorate it, the photosyntheticability of Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seedlingson Changbai Mountain is tested in winter at 20℃.The results show that winter inhibitionand its development in Picea koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica are similar tothose in Pines koraiensis, and shading is very effective to ameliorate photosynthesis inhibition.It is suggested that all the evergreen conifers on Changbai Mountain and similarmountain regions are suffered from photosynthesis inhibition and photooxidation stressduring winter, and CO₂ release (the stronger the solar radiation, the more the CO₂ released) could be considered as a source of CO₂ in the atmosphere.

Regional differeutiation and its quantitative analysis of plant element contents in Karakorum and Kunlun mountainous regions

Kong Lingshao, Li Bosheng, Guo Ke, Ma Maohua

1995, 6(2):  143-148. 

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Studies on 21 elements contents of 87 plant species and their regional differentiation inKarakorum and Kunlun mountainous regions show that the Ca, Cr, Cd, Fe and Vcontents of them are higher than those of higher plants, while Pb and Pcontents are lower.The element contents of same plant species on various sites are different.Halophytic vegetations on desert have a higher content of Na, K, Mg and P, and the plants on alpinemeadow and glacial fringe have a higher content of Ba, Ca, Fe, V and Ti.For variousvegetation types, The variation of Na/Kis maximum, that of Ca/Mg is less, and that ofFe/Al is minimum.Their variation coefficients are respectively 153.5, 20.5 and 15.9%.

A parameterized model on moisture-heat exchange at ntar-ground layer

Liu Shuhua, Feng Jinzhao, Huang Zichen, Liu Lichao

1995, 6(2):  149-154. 

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This paper advances a parameterized model to study the influence of vegetation on themoisture-heat exchange at near-ground layer.With this model, the moisture-heat exchange between earth surface and atmosphere is studied under conditions of different vegetation and soil moisture regime.The results show that the simulation states of temperature, moisture, radiation and energy balance are reasonable, and thus, this parameterizedmodel is capable of using to study mesoscale meteorological modeling, climate modelingand environmental ecology.

Forecast on soil water regime during spring sowing period in West Liaoning

Zhao Huanyin, Liu Zuoxin, Wang Shixin

1995, 6(2):  155-159. 

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Based on the principle of variance analysis, the data of last 30 years precipitation duringspring sowing period in Kazuo region of West Liaoning are analysed.It is found that thereexist two variation cycles of precipitation within14 and 10 years.On the basis of this, theprecipitation during spring sowing period of this region in 1992-2000 is forecasted.Through actual examination on the data of 1992 and 1993, the calculated values are in agreement with observated ones, the relative error being less than9%.Based on the calculated values of precipitation and the effective soil water-storage capacity after harvest,mathematical models for forecasting soil moisture regime during spring sowing period areestablished, and soil moisture indices suited to spring sowing conditions are discussed.

Rhizospheric effects of organic material on coastal saline soil in Huanghe River Delay Ⅰ. Effect on soil nutrient and enzyme activity

Wu Longhua, Zhang Sujun

1995, 6(2):  160-165. 

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In this paper, rhizobox method is used to study the effect of composted organic materialon soil nutrient and enzyme activity in paddy rice rhizosphere of coastal saline soil.Theresults show that the application of organic material can increase the contents of soil available N, P, K, Fe and Zn, activate the activity of soil enzyme, especially of rhizosphericinvertase, alkaline phosphatase and urease, accelerate the metabolism of soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, enhance the nutrient uptake by rice plant and its salt tolerance.

Quantitative characters of vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction of Puccinelliatenuiflora population on alkalized meadow of Songnen Plain

Yang Yunfei, Zhu Ling, Li Jiandong

1995, 6(2):  166-171. 

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Through investigation and measurement of large samples from independent tufts and random samples from normal spikes in a single dominant community, the quantitative characters of sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation of Puccinellia tenuiflora populationon alkalized meadow of Songnen Plain are analysed.The results show that there is an obvious regularity between quantitative characters of vegetative propagation of the population.The plant number.aboveground biomass, and number and weight of sexual plant ofthe tuft are increased exponentially with its increasing sizes.Most tapering spikes of thepopulation have 9 to 16 nodes.The number of spikelets on each node shows a γ-distributionof density, and that of florets shows a Logistic decrease with increasing number ofnode.The numbers of spikelets and florets both show an exponential growth with increasing number of node.

Relationship between distribution Patterns or Aphis gossypii and its natural enemies

Zou Yunding, Meng Qinglei, Geng Jiguang, Ji Jin, Chen Gaochao, Wang Gongming

1995, 6(2):  172-175. 

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Studies on the relationship between Aphis gossypii and its natural enemies in amount,time and space show that the amount of Propylaea japonica is closely related to that ofAphis gossypii, and they are synchronously occurred both at peak time and at lowestpoint.Propylaea japonica can significantly control by the occurence of Aphis gossypii.The three-dimensional spatial distribution patterns of Propylaea japonica, Erigonidiumgraminicola and Aphis gossypii are of aggregated type.The individuals of Aphis gossypiiand Erigonidium graminacopa are attracted each other, while those of Progylaea japonica.are repelled mutually.

Influence of population growth stress on distribution of macaque monkey in south China

Jiang Haisheng, Lian Jiansheng, Wang Jun, Liu Zhenhe, Feng Min

1995, 6(2):  176-181. 

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The distribution of macaque monkey with the dynamics of population and cultivated areain south China is analysed.The results show that macaque monkey was distributed randomly in1900-1920, but aggregately in 1970-1990.Its distribution limit is 180 individuals.km^-2 under present productive level.It was found in61% of the counties in south China in 1900-1920, but in 23.4% in 1970-1990.In the 30's of 21 century, it's estimated that it will be found in15.2% of the counties.At that time, it will mainly distribute in northwest Hunan, west Guangxi, the junctures of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan Provinces, and part area of southwest Hainan.

Enzyme activities in snail, Oncomelania hupensis from river beach and its agro-forestry systems

Peng Weiping, Peng Danming, Yu Fengan, Peng Zhenhua

1995, 6(2):  182-185. 

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The total protein content (TPr) and the activity and specific activity of glutamate-pyrulatetransaminase (GPT), glutamate-oxaloacetate transamlnase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in snails originated either from Yangtze River beach or from its agroforestry systems are determined.The activity and specific activity of GOT and GPT insnails from agro-forestry systems are significantly greater than those from river beach.The specific activity of ALP in snails originated from agro-forestry systems are increasedsignificantly.With the lowering of underground water level in agro-forestry system, theTPr content in snails is decreased,while their specific activity of GOTand GPTis increased significantly.

Effect of inoculating ectomycorrbizal fungus on Acacia confusa and Pinus massoniuna seedlings

Wang Yuanzhen, Pan Tingguo, Ke Yuqin, Zheng Shenkun

1995, 6(2):  186-189. 

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Seedlings of Acacia confusa and Pinus massoniana inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungusXerocomus chrysenteron under non-sterilized condition have a better growth than control.When Acacia confusa seedlings are inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus Calvatialilacina and VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus epigamus under sterilized condition, their nitrogen and proline contents are higher than those treated with G.epigamus alone.Observations on young infected root sections show that ectomycorrhizal fungus hyphae can penetrate into intercellular space, and the development and structure of mycorrhizae are improved.

Ecology of plant communities in Liaohe estuary wetland tonservation area

Dong Houde, Quan Kuiguo, Shao Cheng, Chen Zhonglin

1995, 6(2):  190-195. 

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Field survey and quantitative analysis on the structure, function and successional patternof plant communities in Liaohe estuary wetland conservation area show that their distribution patterns are closely related to the salt and moisture contents of soil.Using the groupaverage method, 45 quadrats of reed communities are divided into two kinds of reed meadow and swamp.Through classifying different habitats by PCAordination procedure, theleading factors affecting spatial patterns of plant communities are determined to be soilsalt and moisture contents.

Seed germination ecology of three submerged macropbytes in Dianshan Lake

You Wenhui, Song Yongchang

1995, 6(2):  196-200. 

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In this paper, the.relationship between the germination of 3 submerged macrophytes inDianshan Lake and their seed coat, water temperature and substrate is studied under controlled condition.The results show that seed germination is controlled by the structure ofseed coat.When the seed coat is cracked, the germination rate and its speed are increased.Water temperature also plays an important role in promoting germination.Maximum germination can be occured at 20℃, but the speed of germination is increased withincreasing temperature.The optimum substrate for germination of Vallisneria spiralis and Potamogeton crispus is water plus soil, and that for Najas marina is soil.In water, thegermination rate and its speed are the lowest.

Eco-engineering simulation on Pollutant control in river courses of Taihu Lake

DaiQuanyu, Jiang Xingchang

1995, 6(2):  201-205. 

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An eec-engineering simulation test with hydroponic economic plants was made in 1993 tocontrol the pollutants in river courses of Taihu Lake.The results show that with theseplants, the removal rates of TN, TP.NH₄⁺-N, COD and turbidity are respectively 84.17.83.75,87.99,71.86 and 86.53%, which supplies effective way to control the pollutants in river courses of Taihu Lake.

Adsorption behaviour and its mechanism of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on soils

On Ziqing, Jia Liangqing, He Yaowu, Chang Shijun, Sun Tieheng, Ayfer Yediler, Antonius Kettrup

1995, 6(2):  206-211. 

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The adsorption behaviour and its mechanism of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) onsoils are studied at 25℃ using a continuous adsorption apparatus.The adsorptionisotherms of LAS on natural soils could be divided into two stages of linear and exponentially increasing.At low LAS contents (<90 μg ml^-1), the adsorption isotherms are linear (Kd= 1.2-2.0), and at high contents (>90 μg ml^-1), the cooperative adsorption isobserved and the adsorption amount of LAS is increased exponentially.The adsorptionmechanisms are mainly specific site surface interactions and hydrogen bonding, while theadsorption capacity is significantly dependent on the physical clay content of soils.

Dynamics of land surface system Ⅰ laud surface system and dynamic equations

Yi Chuixiang

1995, 6(2):  212-219. 

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The research goal, objectives and basic methods of land surface system dynamics are elaborated.Land surface system is defined in view of integrated disciplines, including thespecification of temporal and spatial scales, the choice of state variables, and the discussion of matter cycles and related external factors.Based on the conservation laws of matter and energy, some nonlinear dynamic equations describing the processes of matter andenergy cycles in land surface system and the feedback relations between soil, vegetationand climate are developed.The operating function of governing equations and the effect ofhuman activities on land surface system are also discussed.

Effect of light on catechin metabolism ot tea tree

Huang Yuchu, Wang Dengfeng, Chen Weijun, Wang Chuanyou, Xiao Weixiang

1995, 6(2):  220-222. 

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The effect of light on cateching metabolism of tea tree is studied with ¹⁴C-isotopic tracertechnique and enzymic analysis method.The results show that light is beneficial to theenhancement of PALactivity in tea tree and to the acceleration of catechin degradation.The catechin content of tea tree is dependent on its synthetic and degradation rates, andits degradation products can take part in the metabolism of other matters.

Dynamics of N, P and K in litters on Aneurolopidium chinense grassland

Guo Jixun, Zhu Tingcheng

1995, 6(2):  223-225. 

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On Aneurolepidium chinease grassland, the amounts of N, P and Ktransferred from deadplants into the litters are respectively 0.7227, 0.1137 and 0.4974g·m^-2·yr^-1.After oneyear, the loss rates of them are respectively 59.71, 73.21 and 83.26%.Under imbalancestate, the input of these three elements is larger than their output, being at accumulationstage, while under stable state, their contents in litters are respectively 1.1859, 0.1565 and 0.5963g·m^-2.