Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

Climatic and eco-hydrologic functions of forest vegetation in subtropics of Guangxi

Huang Chengbiao

1995, 6(s1): 1-8.

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A comparative study on meteorological and hydrologic factors of forest vegetation andgrassland in subtropics of Guanxi shows that inside the stands with larger crown density,the annual mean temperature and its range are 0.1-0.7℃ lowe, but the annual meanralative humidity is 0.7-6.7% higher than outside. The annual mean temperature andits range at the ground and at the same soil horizon inside the stands are respectively 2.3-7.8℃ and 1.6-4.6℃ lower than outside. The annual mean water surface evaporationinside the stands is 51.3-73.0% lower than outside, and the canopy interception occupies by 9.9-15.8% of precipitation, the stemflow by 0.5-3.3%, and throughfall by 83.9 - 88.0%. The maximum moisture capacity in the litter layer of forest land is 4-13 times larger than that on grassland. The annual mean surface runoff on forest land is 0.46-22.3mm, 35.2-93.8% lower than that on grassland.

Accumulation and distribution of nutrient elements in Phyllostachys pubescens forest ofSouth Fujian

Li Zhenji, Lin Peng

1995, 6(s1): 9-13.

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Studies on the accumulation and distribution of nutrient elements in Phyllostachy spubescens community of South Fujian show that the total accumultaion amount of N,P,Si,K, Ca and Mg is respectively 13.96,2.89,70.04,41.29,5.84 and 3.63g·m^-2. Indifferent parts of Phyllostachys pubescens, leaf has the highest amount of these elements,and whip is the second. Among these 6 elements, Si has the highest concentration,1.60% on average, and K is the second,0.55% on average. The content of Si is thehighest in leaves, being 15.60g·m^-2, and that of N and K is the highest in stems, beingrespectively 6.58 and 20.67g·m^-2. The roots also contain a higher content of Si, being 11.45g·m^-2. The high content of Si in leaves indicate that bamboo is a transitional typefrom woody plant (which has a lower content of Si) to grass (which contains more Si).

Study on photosynthetic physio-ecological characteristics of five broad-leaf species

Hou Fenglian, Ji Zhaoxing, Ding Mengjuan

1995, 6(s1): 14-18.

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Studies on photosynthetic physio-ecological characteristisc of Juglans mandshurica,Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula phatyphylla Tilia amurensis and Phellodendron amurense show that photosynthetic capacity and nitrate reductase activity of different tree speciesare increased with increasing young leaves growth and chlorophyll content. In clear days,the diurnal patterns of B. platyphylla and F.mandshurica photosynthesis show a two-peak, and other three species one-peak, but on the contrary in clear days after overcast and rainy. In cloudy days, the photosynthesis curves of five species are similar to light in tensity ones. Nitrate reductase activity is positively correlated with the photosyntheticrate during yound leaves growing. The relative air humidity is a limiting factor for utilizing light energy except for the influence of light on the photosynthetic rate of different species.

Inhibiting effect of Sphaerellopsis filum on Triphragmiopsis laricinum

Wei Zuoquan, Sun Baogui, Ding Xiaowei, Yuan Jianyu

1995, 6(s1): 19-22.

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Naked eye and microscopic observations show that when T. laricinum is parasitized by S.filum, the colour of its urediosporus is changed from reddish orange to grey brown. Atlater stage, the urediospores lose their germinating ability, and S. filum conidia Only occur at uredinia base. The metabolic products in fermentation liquid of S. filum containthree resistant substances. From the second ten days of July to that of September, theamount of conidia is more than that of urediospores, indicating that the infected level by T. laricinum is decreased with increasing parasitic rate of S. filum.

Microelement contents of Larix gmelinii-Sphagnum bog peat and their changing pattern

Zhang Guirong, Yang Lingbin, Lang Huiqing, Fan Liming, Tian Shangyi, Gan Shucai and Chen Bo

1995, 6(s1): 23-26.

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The study shows that 5 microelements in the peat have a significant influence on plantgrowth, their contents are decreased in the order of Mn>Zn>B>Cu>Co, and their distribution in peat layer shows a significant temporal-spatial pattern.

Characteristic. analysis of two-dimensional behavior of aboveground ecological field of Aneurolepidium chinense

Wang Deli, Lin Xinghua, Zhu Tingcheng

1995, 6(s1): 27-31.

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The field characteristic function (ecological potential) and its two-dimensional graphs ofaboveground ecological field of A.chinense are studied through fixed field experiments andtheoretical modelling analysis. The results show that the action strength of abovegroundecological field of A.chinense is positively related to its relative growth rate and to the extinction coefficient of ecological potential, but negatively to the utilization efficiency of lo cational resources. Population density affects the ecological potential of individuals, and two-dimensional graphs can reflect the dynamic characteristics of ecological field behavior.

Management model of Cunninghamia lanceolata- Citrullus vulgaris

Wen Yuanguang, LuTianling, Liang Hongwen

1995, 6(s1): 32-38.

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Studies on the management model of Cunninghamia lanceolata-Citrltllus vulgaris show that interplanting C. vulgaris with continuously planted C. lanceolata can improve soil fertility,prevente water and soil erosion and promote seedling growth. The biomass and volume productivity of tested stands are respectively 141.85 and 191.22% highier thancheck,and hence,a sustained, fast-growing and high-yielding young forest can be established.

N and P balances in farmland ecosystem and their response to fertilizers

Zeng Jianghai, Zhang Yumin, Li Huiying, Wang Zhiping, Chen Suying, Wang Shaoren

1995, 6(s1): 39-46.

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9 years field experiment on N and P balances in farmland ecosystem shows that the application of N and P fertilizers with stalk returned to soil can increase the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, and its available and non-available P pools are supplemented. In last years, the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer is 22.1-65.1%, and that ofN fertilizer is 49-75%. The application of storable P only has an efficiency of 6.5-7.3% in the first year, and its total efficiency in-first three years is 24-28.5%. The average utilization efficiency of applied P In nine years is 27.9-48.8%, and that of supplemented P is 19.5-42.9%. The application of 65.5kg P.ha^-1. yr^-1 can both satisfy the Prequirement of crops and supply the available P pool in soil.

Ecological habit of two varieties of Avena fatua on wheat field of North Jiangsu Provinceand their control

Qian Xi

1995, 6(s1): 47-52.

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Studies on ecological habit of Avena fatua var. glabrescens and A. f.var.glabrata showthat their germination, emergence of seedling and development rate of 3rd leaf are positively related to temperature. The occurrence stage of their seedlings can be predictedwith temperature as a variable, and on the basis of this, the corresponding countermeasures of chemical control can be taken.

Soil ecological factors and maize yield under film-mulching condition

Wen Qikai, XiaoMing, Mao Hongcai, Shi Shubing, Zhao Lihua, Wang Wenquan, Sun Chunling

1995, 6(s1): 53-56.

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The effect of soil ecological factors on maize yield under film-mulching condition is studiedin this paper. The results show that in arid area, the optimal planting pattern of maize is;the plant is grown at 21.3-33.3cm from the centre of film-mulching, the application rateof N and P is 598-743kg. ha^-1, and the yield is 14492≤Y_opt≤16591kg·ha^-1. Thisplanting pattern is beneficial to the yield increment and the residual film recovery.

Water consumption and water use efficiency of wheat field in Fengqiu region

ZhouLingyun

1995, 6(s1): 57-61.

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Calculations on water balance show that the amount of water consumption in a rainedwheat field is respectively 435.5,326.0,293.8,277.2 and 365.9mm in five experimentalseasons, which can represent the water consumption of wheat in Fengqiu region under theexcessive, moderate and defective hydrological conditions. The correlation between wheatbiomass (grain + straw) and total water consumption is not significant (r=0.67).About 50% of the water consumed comes from the water stored in soil before sowing. Inyears less in rainfall during growing season but abundant in water stored in soil, this percentage would be up to 60%, showing that soil water is an important water source forwheat growth. Under optimum fertilization, the water use efficiency is more than 11.25kg·ha^-1·mm^-1, which indicates that the increase of fertilizer supply can increase the water use efficiency of farmland.

Leaching loss of nitrogen in rice field

Wang Jiayu, Wang Shengjia, Chen Yi, ZhengJici

1995, 6(s1): 62-66.

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Studies on the regularity and mechanism of leaching loss of nitrogen in rice field show thatNO³_--N leaching is the main loss of nitrogen leached from rice field, which reaches to 20kg N·ha^-1 during the planting of double-harvest rice. The sort of nitrogen fertilizer andits application rate have a strong effect on the leaching loss of nitrogen. It's suggestedthat the application rate of fertilizer N should be less than 150kg· ha^-1 for each cropping of rice.

Relationship between Mn forms and active Mn in soils of north China

Ding Weixin

1995, 6(s1): 67-73.

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Studies on the relationship between Mn forms Mn and active Mn in main soils of north China show that in alkaline soil, the amount of Mn forms is MnO-Mn>Res-Mn>OM>Mn>AFeO-Mn>FeO-Mn>Ex-Mn, which is obviously differed from that in acid soils.Under alkaline condition, soil Mn can be transformed from bioavailable to unavailable,and thus, active Mn mainly comes from Mn oxide and exchangeable Mn.

Feeding habit and seasonal variation of ingesting of Eremias multiocellata

Liu Naifa,Geng Zhirong

1995, 6(s1): 74-78.

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Food composition in stomaches of 209 adults and 43 juveniles of Eremiqs multiocellata in Minqin area of Gansu Province is analyzed. The results show that Eremias multiocellata is a kind of omnivorous animal which mainly feeds on beetles and Nitraria fruits. After its dormancy, this animal begins to strongly ingest, its ingesting rate being more than 83%.It has an obvious seasonal variation of feeding habit, i.e. only animals are ingested inspring, half of animal and plant in summer, and third of plant in autumn. The diversityof food and the breadth of trophic niche are increased with its increasing size growth.

Parasitism of three parasites on Aonidiella aurantii

Zhang Xuewu, Gu Dexiang

1995, 6(s1): 79-82.

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In this paper, the functional response of Aonidiella aurantii on three parasites Entomology, Aphytis lingranesis and Aphytis melinus are studied under different combinations ofhost density, parasite density and temperature. The attacking rate of Aphytis melinus is the largest, followed by Aphytis lingnanesis and Encarsia oitrina. Under different temperature, the attacking rates of parasites are similar to normal distribution. Two functionalresponse models including interference and temperature effects are established, the parameters of which all have explicit biological meaning and the fitting results are promising.

Life table of Myzus persicae under different temperature and hest plant conditions

Zhao Huiyan, Wang Shize, Yuan Feng, Dong Yingcai, Zhang Gaisheng

1995, 6(s1): 83-87.

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Based on the studies of the influence of host plant on biological characters of Myzus persicae, the effect of different temperature and host plant on the life table of the aphid is studied. The results show that the optimum development and lethal temperatures for theaphid are respectively 28 and 33℃. The effect of the host plant on the intrinsic increasingcapacity (r_m') of the aphid is significant. The optimum temperature for aphid developmentin two combinations of different hosts is respectively 20.66 and 26.44℃, but 24.43 and 28.99℃ in those of same host. With the increase of temperature, the time needed for,doubling the population is shortened in negative index. The aphid translated from originalhost to other ones is more susceptible at low temperatures.

Study on insect pathogenic Bacilli in store ecotope of China

Chen Tao, Liu Yong, Yang Dongju, Wang Chunshen, Xia Kexiang

1995, 6(s1): 88-92.

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Identification of 951 samples collected from different store ecotope shows that 747 samples of them have the Bacillus. 1138 strains of the Bacillus were isolated from 951 samples,including 143 strains of B.t (12.5%), 11 strains of B,s (0.97%) and 984 strains ofother Bacilli (86.40%). 158 strains of thuringionsin, phosphalipase C and parasporalcrystals were separated from 1138 store strains. Among 158 strains,there were 143 strainsof B. t, 5 strains of B. s and 10 strains of other Bacilli. In total of 158 toxin strains, 120strains could kill insect. It is showed that relativity exist between insecticidal toxin andtoxicity in the strains. But insecticidal toxins of different Bacillus are different in insecticidal range and toxicity.

Comparison of characteristics of soil bacteria isolated from two different media

Wang Jingguo

1995, 6(s1): 93-97.

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Through comparing the physiological characteristics of soil bacteria isolated from two different media, a significant difference between two populations of bacteria is found. Bacillus sp. mainly grows on rich medium and hardly on poor one, but Pseudomonas sp. and stick like bacteria can grow on the both, which is related to the different adaptability ofbacteria to the environment.

Comprehensive evaluation of agroecosystem and its regulation

Wu Zuoli, ChengYuhua

1995, 6(s1): 98-104.

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In this paper, the indices system and the methodology for the comprehensive evaluation ofagroecosystem and its regulation are studied. It's indicated that the evaluation and theregulation should be considered as a whole. A set of more complete research methods areput forward, and the results are conformed with the practice.

Regional ecolomic division and function analysis of Liaohe River delta

Li Yong, Xiao Duning

1995, 6(s1): 105-111.

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Liaohe River delta can be divided into three ecolomic regions and eight subregions bymeans of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The function situation of its agricultural ecolomic system is evaluated through the analysis of three attributes reflectingthe functions of it.

Function or paddy wetland landscape ecosystem and its benefit in hilly region of south Changjiang River: with Youxian County of Hunan Province as an example

Li Xiaoqing, Cheng Weimin, Xie Binggeng

1995, 6(s1): 112-118.

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Based on the classification of paddy wetlands in Youxian County of Hunan Province, theirspatial pattern and function are analysed, and their comprehensive benefit is assessed by AHP method. The results show that paddy wetlands can divided into submerged, percogenic, puddled and gley ones, and their dominances are respectively 4.17,26.4,12.32 and 31.25. The ratio of energy output and input is 4.68, and those of N, P and K output and input are respectively 0.59, 1.59 and 1.23. The comprehensive benefit is 0.66.

Ecology and biology of Balanus amphitrite amphitrite in Zhoushan prawn-pond

Xue Junzeng, Cai Ruxing

1995, 6(s1): 119-123.

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Studies on the breeding, attachment and growth of Balanus amphitrite amphitrite in prawn-ponds show that its breeding period is from April to October, the attaching period is from May to October, and the water temperature is 18.9-20.5℃. Its attaching amount is related to the water temperature and the roughness, colour and angle of theboard. The maximum amount of attachment is 330137 individuals·m^-2, and the maximum wet weight is 13868.33g·m^-2. It is growing rapidly or slowly when its base diameteris less or more than 10.5mm. The factors limiting its distribution in Zhoushan water arethe wave and the transparency.

Effect of simulated acid rain on ecophysiological characteristics of mung bean and maize

Yan Chongling, Li Ruizhi, Zhong Zhangcheng

1995, 6(s1): 124-131.

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Studies on the effect of simulated acid rain on mung beau and maize show that the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b values and leaf vitality of these crops and the PH values ofleaf sap and soil are positively correlated with the PH value of simulated acid rain, andtheir relative conductivity, peroxidase activity and proline content are negatively correlated with it. The SOD activity is decreased with decreasing PH of acid rain.

Inter-and intraspecific differences of crops in Cadmium tolerance Ⅱ.Intraspecific difference

Yang Jurong, He Jianqun, Huang Yi, Jiang Wanru

1995, 6(s1): 132-136.

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Culture experiment with seedlings of 28 wheat and 14 soybean varieties or strains shows that there exists a significant intraspecific difference in Cd tolerance. The tolerance of varieties are related to their lower Cd content or lower transported Cd proportion in their aboveground parts. Some varieties with higher absorbed Cd can still grow normally, and thus, may have a Physiological mechanism to weaken the toxicity of Cd through lowering its activity.

Productivity and diversity indices for evaluating agricultural ecolomic system

Yuan Congyi

1995, 6(s1): 137-142.

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In this paper, the stability, sustainability and harmoniousness of agricultural ecolomic system are selected as evaluation indices, and weighted as its productive property inldices.After multiplied by many years average productivity, they can be used to reflect the productivity and productive property of the system. A quantified index of diversity is advanced to describe the structural properties of various agricultural ecolomic systems, and an evaluation index system of agricultural ecolonlic ystem is put forward.

A review on the research of the impacts of global change to the terrestrial ecosystem──with special reference to the MINK (U.S.A.) and TIGER (UK) projects

Jiang Gaoming

1995, 6(s1): 143-149.

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Many kinds of impacts of global change on the future agriculture, forestry, Arctic and Anarctic ecosystem, biodiversity and others are brought to much attention from world scientists, and a lot of related research has been developed. The concept, certain and uncertain facts and recent achivements on global change in both abroad and China, especially in the MINK (USA) and TIGER (UK) projects, are briefly introduced in this paper.

Floristic composition and its characteristics of Carya cathayensis forest on Dabieshan Mountain

Zhang Xudong, Huang Chenlin

1995, 6(s1): 150-152.

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Investigations on floristic composition and structure of Carya cathayensis forest on Dabieshan Mountain show that there are 134 species in the community and Carya cathayensis is a dominant one, whose important value is 157.35-241.84. A few treespecies can invade into the canopy layer. The physiognomic character of the community is represented by its transitional form from Subtropical to temperate fotest, and the florae are characterized by abundant geographic elements, and with complex and temperate floristic composition.

Suppression and release periods in the course of Fagus engleriana growth

Jiang Mingxi, Jin Yixin, Zhang Quanfa

1995, 6(s1): 153-155.

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Radial growth pattern of stem is used to reconstruct the history of suppression and releaseperiods in the course of Fagus engleriana growth, and the radial growth rate of 0.70mm.yr^-1 is chosen as a threshold for distinguishing these two periods. About 69% of ring cores show a distinct suppression period. Its frequency is 1.6, and its mean duration is 22.6 years. The frequency and mean duration of release period are respectively 1.4 and 11.6 years. Three kinds of radial growth patterns are recognized.

Variations in egg-laying habit and egg size of artificially breeding silver pheasant

GaoYuren, Cao Fengzhi, Yao Weilan

1995, 6(s1): 156-158.

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According to the analysis of data collected from breeding process, it is confirmed that incomparing with wild silver pheasant population, the egg-laying period of artificially breeding one is extended from 1 to 3.5 months, the amount of its laid eggs is increased by nearly three times, the weight and size of eggs are significantly increased.

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