施肥对旱地全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201603.027

应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 883-890.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201603.027

施肥对旱地全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响

于显枫¹, 张绪成^1,2*, 王红丽¹, 马一凡¹, 侯慧芝¹, 方彦杰¹

¹甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 兰州 730070;
²甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2015-07-27 出版日期:2016-03-18 发布日期:2016-03-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: gszhangxuch@163.com
作者简介:于显枫,女,1981年生,硕士,助理研究员.主要从事作物生理与栽培学研究.E-mail:jackey_xf@126.com
基金资助:
本文由农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04)资助

Effects of fertilizer application on water consumption characteristics and yield of potato cultured under ridge-furrow and whole filed plastic mulching in rain-fed area

YU Xian-feng¹, ZHANG Xu-cheng^1,2*, WANG Hong-li¹, MA Yi-fan¹, HOU Hui-zhi¹, FANG Yan-jie¹

Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; ²Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2015-07-27 Online:2016-03-18 Published:2016-03-18
Contact: * E-mail: gszhangxuch@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of the Ministry of Agriculture (201203031) and the State Key Technology Support Program (2015BAD22B04).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 用化肥减量和分期施肥、增施有机肥来替代化肥是提高半干旱区全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯水、肥利用效率的有效途径.在4年大田定位试验基础上,设置传统施肥(F)、化肥减量25%花期追施(DF)、化肥减量50%花期追施并增施有机肥(OF)3种养分管理模式,通过测定马铃薯不同生育期的土壤含水量和产量,计算阶段耗水量和水分利用效率,研究施肥方式对半干旱区马铃薯耗水过程的调控及其对产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明: 马铃薯花期的土壤贮水量DF最高,但处理间差异不显著;花后DF和OF的耗水深度较F有明显增加趋势.与F相比,2011—2014年DF花前耗水量显著下降,花后耗水量分别增加了36.2%、23.0%、24.8%和19.0%;OF未显著降低马铃薯花前耗水,但2011、2012年花后耗水量增加了20.7%和16.3%.DF的马铃薯块茎产量在2012—2014年较F平均增加2595.1 kg·hm^-2,水分利用效率(WUE)在2013、2014年分别显著增加14.4%和6.3%,达到显著差异;OF在2011—2014年平均马铃薯块茎产量较F增加了2945 kg·hm^-2,且WUE在2012—2014年显著高于F.DF和OF均能显著调节马铃薯花前花后耗水量,使马铃薯块茎产量、水分利用效率增加,但OF的增加幅度更大.

Abstract: Chemical fertilizer reduction and organic manure substitution are the useful methods to increase potato water-and nutrient use efficiency, which is cultured under ridge-furrow and whole soil surface mulched by plastic film in semiarid rain-fed area. A 4-year field experiment was carried out from 2011 to 2014 with three treatments: 1) traditional chemical fertilizer application (F), 2) chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 25% and dressing at flowering stage (DF), and 3) chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 50% and organic manure substitution (OF). The soil moisture and potato yield were investigated, and seasonal water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated to study the regulations of different nutrient management methods on potato water use process, as well as its effects on potato tuber yield and WUE. The results showed that soil water storage in potato flowering stage was the highest under DF treatment, but there were no significant difference among these three treatments. The depth of soil water depletion in DF and OF showed an increasing trend at post-flowering stage. Potato water consumption decreased significantly at pre-flowering stage, but increased by 36.2%, 23.2%, 24.8% and 19.0% respectively at post-flowering stage in 2011-2014 under DF treatment, as compared with those under F treatment. OF treatment increased potato water consumption by 20.7% and 16.3% than that under F treatment at post-flowering stage from 2011 to 2012, respectively, but exerted no significant effect at pre-flowering stage. Compared with F, DF increased potato tuber yield averagely by 2595.1 kg·hm^-2 from 2012 to 2014 and significantly increased the WUE by 14.4% and 6.3% in 2013 and 2014, respectively; OF significantly increased potato tuber yield averagely by 2945 kg·hm^-2 tuber yield in 4 experimental years and WUE was significantly higher than that under F from 2012 to 2014. It was indicated that both DF and OF could regulate water consumption between pre-flowering and post-flowering stages, and increase potato tuber yield and WUE. OF showed more significant effects than DF on the increment of tuber yield and WUE.

于显枫, 张绪成, 王红丽, 马一凡, 侯慧芝, 方彦杰. 施肥对旱地全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(3): 883-890.

YU Xian-feng, ZHANG Xu-cheng, WANG Hong-li, MA Yi-fan, HOU Hui-zhi, FANG Yan-jie. Effects of fertilizer application on water consumption characteristics and yield of potato cultured under ridge-furrow and whole filed plastic mulching in rain-fed area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(3): 883-890.

参考文献

[1] Zhang W-L (张维理), Wu S-X (武淑霞), Ji H-J (冀宏杰), et al. Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the alleviating strategies. I. Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China in early 21 century. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(7): 1008-1017 (in Chinese)
[2] Mu J-X (穆俊祥), Cao X-M (曹兴明), Gong J-G (弓建国), et al. Effect of organic fertilizer, N, P₂O₅ and K₂O combined application on yields and qualities of potatoes. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science) (石河子大学学报:自然科学版), 2009, 27(4): 428-432 (in Chinese)
[3] Chen R-Y (陈瑞英), Meng M-L (蒙美莲), Liang H-Q (梁海强), et al. Effects of different treatments of irrigation and fertilization on the yield and nitrogen utilization characteristic of potato. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2012, 28(3): 196-201 (in Chinese)
[4] Yin J (尹娟), Qui X-Z (邱小琮). A study on water consumption regulation and water effect of potatoes in the middle of dryland of Ningxia. Ningxia Engineering Technology (宁夏工程技术), 2011, 10(4): 334-337 (in Chinese)
[5] Tan X-L (谭雪莲), Lv J-F (吕军锋), Guo T-W (郭天文), et al. Effects of plastic film mulching and fertilization on potato dry matter accumulation and soil water content in dryland. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报), 2011, 30(2): 104-106, 126 (in Chinese)
[6] Huang Z-D (黄仲冬), Qi X-B (齐学斌), Fan X-Y (樊向阳), et al. Effects of alternate partial root-zone subsurface drip irrigation on potato yield and water use. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(1): 79-83 (in Chinese)
[7] Lin Y-C (林叶春), Hu Y-G (胡跃高), Zeng Z-H (曾昭海). Effect of different water-saving practices on growth and water use of potato. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2010, 28(1): 54-60 (in Chinese)
[8] Zhang F-S (张福锁), Cui Z-L (崔振岭), Chen X-P (陈新平), et al. Nutrient Management Technology for High Yield and High-efficiency Crop Production. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2012 (in Chinese)
[9] Wang Y-M (王玉明). Effects on potato production and water absorption efficiency of different irrigation me-thods: Dripping, spray and duet. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica (华北农学报), 2007, 22(special issue): 83-84 (in Chinese)
[10] Wang H-L (王红丽), Zhang X-C (张绪成), Song S-Y (宋尚有), et al. Effect of whole field surface plastic mulching and planting in furrows on soil temperature, moisture and corn yield in arid area. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(10): 2609-2614 (in Chinese)
[11] Wang H-L (王红丽), Zhang X-C (张绪成), Song S-Y (宋尚有). Effects of mulching methods on soil water dynamics and corn yield of rain-fed cropland in the se-miarid area of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2011, 35(8): 825-833 (in Chinese)
[12] Huang G-B (黄高宝), Fang Y-J (方彦杰), Li L-L (李玲玲), et al. High water use efficiency mechanism of maize planting in furrows of completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges systems in rainfed area. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2010, 28(6): 116-121(in Chinese)
[13] Li F-M (李凤民), Xu J-Z (徐进章). Rainwater-collecting eco-agriculture in semi-arid region of Loess Pla-teau. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2002, 10(1): 101-103 (in Chinese)
[14] Wang J (王俊), Li F-M (李凤民), Song Q-H (宋秋华), et al. Effects of plastic film mulching on soil temperature and moisture and on yield formation of spring wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2003, 14(2): 205-210 (in Chinese)
[15] Zhang Y-G (张玉革), Jiang Y (姜勇), Yi Y-L (依艳丽), et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on soil moisture characteristics. Soils (土壤), 1999(3): 120-125, 131(in Chinese)
[16] Tian Y (田嫒), Li F-M (李凤民), Liu X-L (刘效兰). Effects of different ridge-furrow planting patterns of potato on soil evaporation in semiarid area. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(4): 795-800 (in Chinese)
[17] Li F-M (李凤民), Yan X (鄢珣), Wang J (王俊), et al. The mechanism of yield decrease of spring wheat resulted from plastic film mulching. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2001, 33(3): 330-333 (in Chinese)
[18] Gao Y-J (高亚军), Li S-X (李生秀), Tian X-H (田霄鸿), et al. Effects of water supply levels in different growth stages on maize yield under different fertilizer levels. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2006, 39(3): 415-422 (in Chinese)
[19] Li S-X (李生秀), Luo Z-C (罗志成), Wang Q (王谦), eds. Introduction to Dryland Agriculture in China. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004 (in Chinese)
[20] Li S-Q (李世清), Li D-F (李东方), Li F-M (李凤民), et al. Soil ecological effects of plastic film mul-ching in semiarid agro-ecological system. Journal of Northwest A＆F University (Natural Science) (西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版), 2003, 31(5): 21-28 (in Chinese)
[21] Wang C-R (王彩绒), Tian X-H (田霄鸿), Li S-X (李生秀), et al. Effects of plastic sheet-mulching on ridge for rainwater-harvesting cultivation on WUE and yield of winter wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(2): 208-214 (in Chinese)
[22] Hou H-Z (侯慧芝), Lv J-F (吕军峰), Guo T-W (郭天文), et al. Effects of whole field soil-plastic mulching on soil thermal-moisture status and wheat yield in semi-arid region on Northwest Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2014, 34(19): 5503-5513 (in Chinese)
[23] Zhao J-B (赵聚宝), Li K-H (李克煌). Dryland and Agriculture. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1995 (in Chinese)
[24] Gale WJ, McColl RW, Xie F. Sandy fields traditional farming for water conservation in China. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 1993, 48: 474-477
[25] Dai W-H (戴万宏), Lv D-Q (吕殿青), Liu S-L (刘胜利), et al. Influence of fertilization on water utilization efficiency and grain yield in rain fed wheat field in Guanzhong Region. Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 1996, 3(3): 96-99 (in Chinese)
[26] Li XY. Gravel-sand mulch for soil and water conservation in the semiarid loess region of northwest China. Catena, 2003, 2: 105-127
[27] Hou H-Z (侯慧芝), Lv J-F (吕军峰), Guo T-W (郭天文), et al. Effects of whole field soil-plastic mul-ching on spring wheat water consumption, yield, and soil water balance in semiarid region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2014, 47(22): 4392-4404 (in Chinese)

施肥对旱地全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响

Effects of fertilizer application on water consumption characteristics and yield of potato cultured under ridge-furrow and whole filed plastic mulching in rain-fed area

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价