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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 1489-1495.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201605.029

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

缓/控释尿素对稻田周年CH4和N2O排放的影响

郭 晨1, 徐正伟1, 王 斌2, 任 涛1, 万运帆2, 邹家龙3, 鲁剑巍1, 李小坤1*   

  1. 1华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070;
    2中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    3湖北省荆州市荆州区土壤肥料工作站, 湖北荆州 434020
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-21 出版日期:2016-05-18 发布日期:2016-05-18
  • 通讯作者: lixiaokun@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郭 晨,男,1986年生,博士研究生. 主要从事水稻施肥技术研究. E-mail: guochen@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662015PY135)资助

Effects of slow/controlled release urea on annual CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy field.

GUO Chen1, XU Zheng-wei1, WANG Bin2, REN Tao1, WAN Yun-fan2, ZOU Jia-long3, LU Jian-wei1, LI Xiao-kun1*   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China;
    2Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;
    3Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei, China
  • Received:2015-10-21 Online:2016-05-18 Published:2016-05-18

摘要: 通过田间试验研究了不同缓/控释尿素对水稻产量和稻田周年温室气体排放的影响,评估生产单位质量水稻的温室气体排放量.结果表明: 优化施肥(OPT)处理在减氮(N)21.4%条件下产量与习惯施肥(FFP)处理持平,同时减少了稻田周年CH4和N2O的排放,其中水稻季CH4和N2O分别减排12.6%和12.5%,休闲季N2O减排33.3%.与OPT处理相比,控释尿素(CRU)处理在水稻季CH4减排28.9%,休闲季CH4零排放;硝化抑制剂(DMPP)处理在水稻季CH4和N2O分别减排41.6%和85.7%,休闲季CH4和N2O分别减排76.9%和6.5%.休闲季节N2O排放占周年N2O排放的76.8%~94.9%,是评价整个稻田温室气体排放不容忽视的因素.OPT、CRU和DMPP处理生产1.0 kg稻谷的温室气体排放强度分别为0.50、0.41和0.33 kg·kg-1,综合考虑周年的温室气体排放总量和产量,尿素和硝化抑制剂配合施用可以在保证水稻产量的情况下,减少温室气体的排放.

Abstract: Present study examined the influence of different types of slow/controlled release urea on rice yield and annual greenhouse gas emissions in a paddy field, and assessed the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI, equivalent to global warming potential GWP/rice yield). The results indicated that the optimized fertilization (OPT) treatment recorded the similar yield with reduced nitrogen fertilizer (21.4%) supply compared with the farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP) treatment, and decreased the annual emissions of CH4 (12.6%) and N2O (12.5%) during the rice season, and N2O emission (33.3%) during the fallow period. Application of controlled release urea (CRU) reduced CH4 emission by 28.9% during the rice-growing season with respect to OPT treatment, and showed negligible CH4 emission during the fallow season. However, nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) treatment was found to reduce the CH4 emissions by 41.6% and 76.9%, and N2O emissions by 85.7% and 6.5%, during the rice growing season and fallow season, respectively, compared with OPT treatment. In the fallow season, the N2O emissions accounted for 76.8%-94.9% of annual N2O emissions, which was clearly a key point for evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions in paddy. The average values of GHGI in OPT, CRU and DMPP treatments were 0.50, 0.41 and 0.33 kg·kg-1, respectively. Considering the benefits of higher rice yield and lower annual greenhouse gas emissions, combined application of urea and nitrification inhibitor could be the best combination in paddy fields.