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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1715-1726.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201606.015

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑河中游生态用地景观连接性动态变化及距离阈值

蒙吉军1, 王晓东1, 尤南山1*, 朱利凯2   

  1. 1北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871;
    2USASILVIS Laboratory, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53760, USA
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-30 发布日期:2016-06-18
  • 通讯作者: nanshany@pku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:蒙吉军,男,1971年生,博士,副教授.主要从事生态系统管理、土地利用变化的生态环境效应研究,发表论文100余篇. E-mail: jijunm@pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41371097)资助

Dynamic changes of landscape connectivity for ecological lands and distance thresholds in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, Northwest China.

MENG Ji-jun1, WANG Xiao-dong1, YOU Nan-shan1*, ZHU Li-kai2   

  1. 1Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    2USASILVIS Laboratory, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53760, USA
  • Received:2015-10-30 Published:2016-06-18

摘要: 景观连接度描述了景观组分在景观格局、过程和功能上的有机联系.本文利用1986、2000和2011年土地覆被数据,基于图论方法,研究了黑河中游生态用地(林地、草地、湿地)景观连接性动态变化,并通过分析不同阈值下景观连接度值的变化揭示了研究区景观的适宜阈值.结果表明: 黑河中游1986—2011年对景观连接度产生重要作用的生态斑块面积呈减少趋势.湿地斑块面积2000—2011年减少幅度较大;草地斑块数量先减少后增加,面积变化不大,但是有斑块破碎化的趋势.不同阈值下景观连接度值的变化验证了距离阈值的正向作用.400~800 m是研究黑河中游物种扩散和生态流运行的适宜距离阈值.选择600 m作为距离阈值时,大型斑块对区域总体景观连接水平影响最为显著,是区域生态系统稳定和健康的关键组成;小型生态斑块虽然占生态斑块总面积的比例不大,但对区域的生态安全格局的维持和改善有较大影响,亦需加强保护与管理.研究结果对干旱区生态系统管理具有重要的借鉴意义.

Abstract: Landscape connectivity describes the organic connections of landscape components in terms of landscape pattern, process, and function. We used land-cover data in 1986, 2000, and 2011, to study the changes of landscape connectivity for ecological lands (forest, grassland, and wetland) in the middle reaches of the Heihe River based on graph theory. The appropriate landscape threshold was determined by analyzing landscape connectivity changes for different thresholds. Our results indicated that the area of ecological patches, which strongly influenced landscape connectivity, decreased from 1986 to 2011 in our study area. For wetland patches, the area declined more significantly from 2000 to 2011. For grassland, the number of patches decreased and then increased. The area of grassland patches changed slightly, but some patches were fragmented. Distance thresholds had a positive relationship with landscape connectivity. 400 to 800 m was the appropriate distance threshold for the research on species dispersal and ecological flows in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. When 600 m was chosen as the distance threshold, the large patches exerted the most significant influence on regional landscape connectivity level, suggesting they played a key role in regional ecosystem stability and health. Although small ecological patches occupied a small proportion of the total area of ecological patches, it was still necessary to protect and manage these small patches given that they also influenced the maintenance and improvement of regional ecological security pattern. The research was of great importance for ecosystem management in arid areas.