西洞庭湖湿地杨树人工林扩张的时空特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201607.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 杨树人工林的快速扩张及其对湿地生态系统的影响是西洞庭湖生态系统管理亟待解决的关键问题.本研究基于遥感影像数据、西洞庭湖湖底高程数据以及西洞庭湖水文数据,分析2000—2014年杨树在西洞庭湖洲滩湿地的时空分布特征.结果表明: 2000—2011年,杨树面积大幅增加,从3233.5 hm²增加到10915.6 hm²,增速为698.4 hm²·a^-1,其中,2004—2007年增长速度最快,达到1000.6 hm²·a^-1;2011年达到峰值后逐渐减少,2014年杨树人工林面积回落到10153.1 hm².芦苇、水域泥滩地和草滩地对杨树人工林扩张的贡献度依次为41.8%、37.0%和21.2%.错误的鼓励性政策、经济利益驱动等人为因素是导致西洞庭湖杨树迅速扩张的主要影响因子,泥沙淤积以及三峡大坝运行之后,洞庭湖水文节律的变化为加速杨树人工林的扩张提供了客观条件.2013年以后,西洞庭湖开展“退林还湿”工程是扭转杨树林扩张、并造成2014年杨树林面积下降的主要原因.

Abstract: The rapid expansion of poplar plantation and its impacts on the wetland ecosystem have become a critical issue in West Dongting Lake ecosystem management. In the study, we explored the spatio-temporal characteristics of poplar plantation distribution in West Dongting Lake from 2000-2014 using Landsat imagery, topographic and hydrological data. Results showed that the area of the poplar plantation increased from 3233.5 hm² to 10915.6 hm² during the period of 2000 to 2011 (i.e. mean growth rate was 698.4 hm²·a^-1), and the highest growth rate happened during the period of 2004 to 2007 (1000.6 hm²·a^-1). Then, from 2011 to 2014, the expansion rate recorded a net loss, with the total poplar plantation area decreasing to 10153.1 hm² in 2014. Reed marsh, open water and mudflat, and wet meadows contributed to the expansion of poplar plantation, which accounted for 41.8%, 37.0% and 21.2%, respectively. Failure policy incentives, as well as the market need for economic interests were the key drivers of the popular plantation expansion, and meanwhile, operation of the Three Gorges Dam that lowered down the flooding water level, as well as the sediment deposition within the lake bed offered favorable environment for popular tree growth. The project of “returning forest to wetland” after 2013 was the main reason for the decreased poplar plantation area in 2014.

靖磊, 吕偲, 周延, 左奥杰, 雷光春. 西洞庭湖湿地杨树人工林扩张的时空特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(7): 2039-2047.

JING Lei, LYU Cai, ZHOU Yan, ZUO Ao-jie, LEI Guang-chun. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the expansion of poplar plantation in West Dongting Lake wetland, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(7): 2039-2047.

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