长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201711.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 3581-3588.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201711.026

长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响

刘彦伶^1,2, 李渝^1,2, 张雅蓉^1,2, 黄兴成^1,2, 张文安^1,2, 蒋太明^2,3*

1 贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 贵阳 550006
2 农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站, 贵阳 550006
3 贵州省农业科学院, 贵阳 550006

出版日期:2017-11-18 发布日期:2017-11-18
通讯作者: *mail:jtm532@163.com
作者简介:刘彦伶, 女, 1989年生, 硕士, 助理研究员.主要从事土壤养分和植物营养研究.E-mail:lyl890615@163.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41461069)、贵州省科技计划项目([2017]2852)、贵州省农业科学院科技创新专项([2017]06)、贵州省科技厅省院联合基金项目([2015]7079 )和贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(2014007)资助

Effect of long-term application of NPK fertilizer on maize yield and yellow soil nutrients sustainability in Guizhou, China

LIU Yan-ling^1,2, LI Yu^1,2, ZHANG Ya-rong^1,2, HUANG Xing-cheng^1,2, ZHANG Wen-an^1,2, JIANG Tai-ming^2,3*

1 Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Acade-my of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
2 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture EnvironmentGuizhou, Ministry of Agriculture, Gui-yang 550006, China
3 Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China

Online:2017-11-18 Published:2017-11-18
Contact: *mail:jtm532@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41461069), the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province ([2017]2852), the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences ([2017]06), the Union Fund of Guizhou ([2015]7079), and Independent Innovation Project of Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2014007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确长期氮磷钾肥配施下贵州典型黄壤玉米产量、氮磷钾肥增产效应及土壤养分的演变特征,利用国家贵阳黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验,研究氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)与缺素施肥(N、NK、NP、PK)对玉米相对产量、氮磷钾肥增产贡献率及土壤氮磷钾素养分可持续性指数等的影响.结果表明: 氮磷钾平衡施肥有显著增产效果,玉米相对产量均值为:NPK>NP>NK>PK>CK;氮、磷、钾肥增产贡献率和农学利用率均为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,施肥依存度为氮、磷、钾肥配施>氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,但缺磷处理(NK)玉米相对产量以每年1.4%的速度极显著下降,磷肥贡献率和依存度则以每年2.3%和1.4%的速度极显著上升,最终磷肥对玉米生产的影响逐渐与氮肥持平;缺磷处理土壤pH值和有机质含量均最低,而缺氮处理则较高;施用化学磷肥可提高黄壤磷素可持续性指数,但氮肥和钾肥对黄壤氮素和钾素可持续性指数无显著影响.综上,平衡施肥是贵州典型黄壤地区玉米高产的重要保障,其中磷肥与氮肥同等重要,但长期单施化肥尤其是缺磷处理不利于黄壤养分的可持续利用.

Abstract: A long-term fertilization field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer on maize relative yield, yield-increasing effect and the changes of nutrients in yellow soil in Guizhou Province. Five fertilizer combinations were evaluated, including balanced fertilization (NPK) and nutrient deficiency treatments (N, NK, NP, and PK). The maize relative yield, contribution efficiency of N, P, K fertilizer application, sustainability index of soil N, P, K nutrients, and other indicators were measured. The results revealed that the balanced fertilization (NPK) significantly increased maize yield, and the average yield under each treatment ranked as: NPK>NP>NK>PK>CK. The contribution efficiency and agronomic efficiency of N, P, K fertilizer application was N>P>K. The fertilization dependence was ranked as: combined application of N, P and K>N>P>K. But in the lack of P treatment (NK), the maize relative yield significantly decreased at a speed of 1.4% per year, with the contribution efficiency and fertilization dependence of applied P significantly increasing at a speed of 2.3% per year and 1.4% per year, respectively. Over time, the effect of P fertilizer on maize yield gradually became equal to that of N fertilizer. The pH and soil organic matter content were the lowest in the P-lack treatment (NK), while they were higher in the N-lack treatment (PK). The application of chemical P significantly improved the sustainability index of soil P, but the application of chemical N and K did not significantly change the sustainability index of soil N and K nutrients compared to the N- and K-lack treatments, respectively. In summary, the use of balanced fertilizer application is critical for achieving high maize yield in typical yellow soil regions in Guizhou Province. P and N fertilizers are equally important for improving maize yield, and long-term application of unbalanced chemical fertilizer, especially the lack of P, would not benefit the sustainable use of nutrients in yellow soil.

刘彦伶, 李渝, 张雅蓉, 黄兴成, 张文安, 蒋太明. 长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(11): 3581-3588.

LIU Yan-ling, LI Yu, ZHANG Ya-rong, HUANG Xing-cheng, ZHANG Wen-an, JIANG Tai-ming. Effect of long-term application of NPK fertilizer on maize yield and yellow soil nutrients sustainability in Guizhou, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(11): 3581-3588.

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长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响

Effect of long-term application of NPK fertilizer on maize yield and yellow soil nutrients sustainability in Guizhou, China

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