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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 3945-3954.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201712.022

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮供应对夏棉产量、水氮利用及土壤硝态氮累积的影响

司转运, 高阳, 申孝军, 刘浩, 龚雪文, 段爱旺*   

  1. 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室, 河南新乡 453002
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-02 出版日期:2017-12-18 发布日期:2017-12-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: duanaiwang@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:司转运,男,1989年生,硕士研究生.主要从事作物水分生理与高效用水研究.E-mail:sunbirdszy@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077)、水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501017)和国家农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-19)资助

Effects of nitrogen and irrigation water application on yield, water and nitrogen utilization and soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation in summer cotton

SI Zhuan-yun, GAO Yang, SHEN Xiao-jun, LIU Hao, GONG Xue-wen, DUAN Ai-wang*   

  1. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Its Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, Henan, China
  • Received:2016-12-02 Online:2017-12-18 Published:2017-12-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: duanaiwang@aliyun.com
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203077), and the Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest of Ministry of Water Resources (201501017), and the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-18-19)

摘要: 通过田间试验,研究了黄淮地区水氮供应对夏棉生长、产量及水氮利用效率的影响,探索在保证产量的同时提高水氮利用效率、减少农田水氮排放的管理模式.试验设置5个氮素水平(0、60、120、180、240 kg·hm-2,分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4)和3个灌水水平(滴灌,灌水定额30、22.5、15 mm,分别记为I1、I2、I3),使用裂区设计,主区为氮用量,裂区为灌水水平,共15个处理,3次重复.结果表明: 氮素和水分施用对夏棉生长和产量都有明显促进作用,但氮素影响更显著,是该地区调控夏棉生长和籽棉产量的主要因素.随着施氮量和灌水量的增加,花铃期生殖器官积累量、地上部干物质积累量和籽棉产量在开始阶段都逐步增加,当施氮量超过180 kg·hm-2时,进一步增施氮肥会导致生殖器官积累量、地上部干物质积累量和籽棉产量减小.籽棉产量在N3I1处理达到最大,为4016 kg·hm-2.增加施氮量能显著提高地上部总吸氮量和茎叶含氮量,但会降低氮肥偏生产力.灌溉水利用效率和田间水分利用效率分别在N3I3和N3I1处理最大,分别为5.40和1.24 kg·m-3.随着施氮量的增加,土壤硝态氮含量明显增加,且硝态氮累积区域有下移趋势.综合考虑对地上部干物质积累、产量、水氮吸收利用及土壤硝态氮累积等的影响,N3I1处理可作为试验区夏季棉花生产的最优水氮管理方案.

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen and irrigation water application on growth, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency of summer cotton, and to develop the optimal water and nitrogen management model for suitable yield and less nitrogen loss in summer cotton field in the Huang-Huai region. Two experimental factors were arranged in a split plot design. The main plots were used for arranging nitrogen factor which consisted of five nitrogen fertilizer le-vels(0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg·hm-2, referred as N0, N1, N2, N3, N4), and the subplots for irrigation factor which consisted of three irrigation quota levels (30, 22.5, 15 mm, referred as I1, I2, I3). There were 15 treatments with three replications. Water was applied with drip irrigation system. Experimental results showed that both irrigation and nitrogen fertilization promoted cotton growth and yield obviously, but nitrogen fertilizer showed more important effects than irrigation and was the main factor of regulating growth and yield of summer cotton in the experimental region. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization rate and irrigation amount, the dry mater accumulation of reproductive organs, the above-ground biomass at the flowering-bolling stage and seed cotton yield increased gradually, reached peak values at nitrogen fertilization rate of 180 kg·hm-2 and decreased slowly with the nitrogen fertilization rate further increased. The maximum yield of 4016 kg·hm-2 was observed in the treatment of N3I1. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer amount would improve significantly total N absorption of shoots and N content of stem and leaf, but decrease nitrogen partial factor productivity. The maximum irrigation-water use efficiency of 5.40 kg·m-3 and field water use efficiency of 1.24 kg·m-3 were found in the treatments of N3I3 and N3I1, respectively. With increasing nitrogen fertilization amount, soil NO3--N content increased and the main soil NO3--N accumulation layer moved downward. By comprehensively considering above-ground biomass, seed cotton yield, water and nitrogen uptake and utilization, and soil NO3--N accumulation in the soil profile, the treatment N3I1 could be recommended as the optimal water and nitrogen application pattern for summer cotton production in the experimental region.