渭北旱塬农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状、玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 573-582.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.023

渭北旱塬农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状、玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

刘丹¹, 张霞¹, 李军², 王旭东^1,3*

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2017-04-07 出版日期:2018-02-18 发布日期:2018-02-18
通讯作者: E-mail: wangxudong01@126.com
作者简介:刘丹, 女, 1993年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事农田土壤研究. E-mail: ldanxn2015@163.com
基金资助:
本文由农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503116)资助

Effects of different tillage patterns on soil properties, maize yield and water use efficiency in Weibei Highland, China.

LIU Dan¹, ZHANG Xia¹, LI Jun², WANG Xu-dong^1,3*

¹College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2017-04-07 Online:2018-02-18 Published:2018-02-18
Contact: E-mail: wangxudong01@126.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503116).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过渭北旱塬黑垆土8年定位试验,研究了秸秆还田下6种耕作方式,即连年翻耕(CT/CT)、免耕(NT/NT)、深松(ST/ST)和免耕/深松(NT/ST)、翻耕/免耕(CT/NT)、翻耕/深松(CT/ST)对土壤团聚体、有机碳、作物产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明:与CT/CT相比,NT/NT、ST/ST及3种轮耕措施减小了土壤力稳性团聚体的平均质量直径;NT/NT、ST/ST和NT/ST措施增加了20～50 cm土层>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量(WR_0.25)和平均质量直径,降低了土壤团聚体结构破坏率(PAD).在0～10 cm土层,NT/ST、CT/NT、NT/NT和ST/ST处理土壤有机碳含量显著高于CT/CT处理.随着土层加深,各耕作处理土壤有机碳含量下降,但3种单一耕作处理(ST/ST、NT/NT和CT/CT)下降幅度大于3种轮耕处理(CT/NT、ST/CT和NT/ST).与CT/CT相比,其他5种耕作方式均增加了农田0～200 cm土层的土壤蓄水量、作物产量和水分利用效率,其中,NT/ST处理作物产量和WUE分别显著提高了15.1%和27.5%.相关分析表明,玉米产量、WUE与0～200 cm土层生育期和休闲期的蓄水量呈显著正相关,且生育期蓄水量与0～50 cm土层的WR_0.25呈显著正相关,与PAD呈显著负相关;其中,20～50 cm土层的WR_0.25、PAD与玉米产量、生育期蓄水量以及WUE关系最密切;生育期蓄水量和WUE还与0～10 cm土层的有机碳含量呈显著正相关.综合考虑不同耕作措施对土壤结构、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响,免耕/深松是最适宜于渭北旱塬区黑垆土春玉米种植的耕作方式.

Abstract: An eight-year field experiment of straw returning was conducted on dark loessial soil in Weibei Highland to investigate the effects of tillage patterns on soil aggregate, soil organic carbon (SOC), corn yield and soil water use efficiency (WUE). There were six tillage patterns, including conventional tillage (CT/CT), no-tillage (NT/NT), subsoiling tillage (ST/ST), no-tillage/subsoiling tillage (NT/ST), conventional tillage/no-tillage (CT/NT) and conventional tillage/subsoiling tillage (CT/ST). The results showed that compared with CT/CT, the patterns of NT/NT, ST/ST and the rotational tillage patterns (NT/ST, CT/NT and CT/ST) decreased the mean mass diameter of soil mechanical stable aggregate. The patterns of NT/NT, ST/ST and NT/ST increased the content of soil water-stable aggregate with the particle size >0.25 mm (WR_0.25) and their mean mass diameter, especially in the depth of 20-50 cm. These patterns reduced the proportion of aggregate destruction (PAD). Compared with CT/CT, the patterns of NT/ST, CT/NT, NT/NT and ST/ST increased the content of SOC in 0-10 cm soil layer. The content of SOC decreased as the increases of soil depth for all tillage patterns, but the decrease in SOC of three single tillage patterns (ST/ST, NT/NT and CT/CT) was larger than that of three rotational tillage patterns. Compared with CT/CT, the other five tillage patterns increased soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil profile, crop yield and WUE in maize. The yield and WUE in NT/ST pattern were significantly increased by 15.1% and 27.5%, respectively. Both corn yield and WUE were significantly and positively correlated with soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil profile in field during the cropping and fallow periods. Moreover, soil water storage during the cropping period was positively correlated with WR_0.25, but negatively correlated with PAD in 0-50 cm soil layer. Particularly, maize yield, WUE and soil water storage during the cropping period were closely related to WR_0.25 in 20-50 cm soil layer and PAD. Both WUE and soil water storage during the cropping period was correlated with the SOC content in 0-10 cm soil layer. With respect to the soil properties, crop yield and WUE, the tillage pattern of NT/ST was the best stratety in dark loessial soil for spring maize growth in Weibei Highland.

刘丹, 张霞, 李军, 王旭东. 渭北旱塬农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状、玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 573-582.

LIU Dan, ZHANG Xia, LI Jun, WANG Xu-dong. Effects of different tillage patterns on soil properties, maize yield and water use efficiency in Weibei Highland, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2): 573-582.

参考文献

[1] Li R (李荣), Wang M (王敏), Jia Z-K (贾志宽), et al. Effects of different mulching patterns on soil temperature, moisture water and yield of spring maize in Weibei Highland. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2012, 28(2): 106-113 (in Chinese)
[2] Wang S-L (王淑兰). Effects of Conservation Rotation Tillage on Maize Field in Weibei Highland. Master Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2016 (in Chinese)
[3] Gu S-F (顾顺芳). Effects of Conservation Soil Tillage Systems on Soil Fertility and Grain Yield of Summer Maize. Master Thesis. Luoyang: Henan University of Science and Technology, 2012 (in Chinese)
[4] Li Y-J (李玉洁), Wang H (王慧), Zhao J-N (赵建宁), et al. Effects of tillage methods on soil physicochemical properties and biological characteristics in farmland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(3): 939-948 (in Chinese)
[5] Hou X-Q (侯贤清), Li R (李荣), Han Q-F (韩清芳), et al. Effects of different tillage practices on soil properties and wheat yields in dry farmland of northwest China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(5): 1146-1157 (in Chinese)
[6] Wang Q-K (王清奎) , Wang S-L (汪思龙). Forming and stable mechanism of soil aggregate and influencing factors. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2005, 36(3): 415-421 (in Chinese)
[7] Li J (李婕), Yang X-Y (杨学云), Sun B-H (孙本华), et al. Effects of soil management practices on stability and distribution of aggregates in Lou soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2014, 20(2): 346-354 (in Chinese)
[8] Wang XB, Cai DX, Hoogmoed WB, et al. Potential effect of conservation tillage on sustainable land use: A review of global long-term studies. Pedosphere, 2006, 16: 587-595
[9] Zhang R-S (张仁陟), Huang G-B (黄高宝), Cai L-Q (蔡立群), et al. Dry farmland practice involving multi-conservation tillage measures in the Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2013, 21(1): 61-69 (in Chinese)
[10] Zhang X, Li H, He J, et al. Influence of conservation tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields for maize and wheat cultivation in Beijing, China. Soil Research, 2009, 47: 362-371
[11] Shrestha BM, McConkey BG, Smith WN, et al. Effects of crop rotation, crop type and tillage on soil organic carbon in a semiarid climate. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 93: 137-146
[12] Howell T. Using conservation tillage to increase yield and water use efficiency of corn and cotton under deficit irrigation [EB/OL]. (2008-05-10)[2017-07-21]. http: //www.ars.usda.gov/research/Publications/Publication/?seqNo 115=225589
[13] Casa R, Cascio BL. Soil conservation tillage effects on yield and water use efficiency on irrigated crops in central Italy. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 2008, 194: 310-319
[14] Kong F-L (孔凡磊), Chen F (陈阜), Zhang H-L (张海林), et al. Effects of rotational tillage on soil physical properties and winter wheat yield. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(3): 939-948 (in Chinese)
[15] Zhang H-L (张海林), Gao W-S (高旺盛), Chen F (陈阜), et al. Prospects and present situation of conservation tillage. Journal of China Agricultural University (中国农业大学学报), 2005, 10(1): 16-20 (in Chinese)
[16] Li J-L (李鉴霖), Jiang C-S (江长胜), Hao Q-J (郝庆菊). Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun Mountain. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2014, 35(12): 4695-4704 (in Chinese)
[17] Tian S-Z (田慎重), Wang Y (王瑜), Li N (李娜), et al. Effects of different tillage and straw systems on soil water-stable aggregate distribution and stability in the North China Plain. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2013, 33(22): 7116-7124 (in Chinese)
[18] Bissonnais YL. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility. Ⅰ. Theory and methodology. European Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 67: 11-21
[19] Wang L (王丽), Li J (李军), Li J (李娟), et al. Effects of tillage rotation and fertilization on soil aggregates and organic carbon content in corn field in Weibei Highland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(3): 759-768 (in Chinese)
[20] Chen N-N (陈宁宁), Li J (李军), Lyu W (吕薇), et al. Effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil physical properties and yield of winter wheat-spring maize rotation field in Weibei Highland. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2015, 23(9): 1102-1111 (in Chinese)
[21] Ji G-S (季耿善). Genetic environment of dark loessial soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 1992, 29(2): 113-125 (in Chinese)
[22] Wang Y (王勇). Effects of Tillage Practices on Water-stale Aggregation and Aggregate-associted Organic Carbon in Lou Soil. Master Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2012 (in Chinese)
[23] Cheng K (程科), Li J (李军), Mao H-L (毛红玲). Effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil physical properties in rainfed wheat fields of the Loess Plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2013, 46(18): 3800-3808 (in Chinese)
[24] Zhou H (周虎), Lyu Y-Z (吕贻忠), Yang Z-C (杨志臣), et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil aggregates in Huabei Plain, China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(9): 1973-1979 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhang H-Y (张华英), Liu J-H (刘景辉), Zhao B-P (赵宝平), et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical properties and corn yield in sandy soil. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2016, 34(3): 108-114 (in Chinese)
[26] Wu J (武均), Cai L-Q (蔡立群), Luo Z-Z (罗珠珠), et al. Effects of conservaton tillage on soil physical properties of rainfed field of the Loess Plateau in Central of Gansu. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2014, 28(2): 112-117 (in Chinese)
[27] Yan B (严波), Jia Z-K (贾志宽), Han Q-F (韩清芳), et al. Effects of different tillage on soil aggregates in the arid areas of South Ningxia. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2010, 28(3): 58-63 (in Chinese)
[28] Hou X-Q (侯贤清), Li R (李荣), Han Q-F (韩清芳), et al. Effects of alternate tillage on soil physicochemical properties and yield of dryland wheat in arid areas of south Ningxia. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2012, 49(3): 592-600 (in Chinese)
[29] Yang Y-H (杨永辉), Wu J-C (武继承), Zhang J-M (张洁梅), et al. Effect of tillage method on soil water infiltration, organic carbon content and structure. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2017, 25(2): 258-266 (in Chinese)
[30] Zhao L-Y (赵丽亚), Xue Z-W (薛志伟), Guo H-B (郭海斌), et al. Effects of tillage and straw returning on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2014, 47(17): 3359-3371 (in Chinese)
[31] Hou X-Q (侯贤清), Li R (李荣), Han Q-F (韩清芳), et al. Effects of different tillage patterns during summer fallow on soil water conservation and crop water use efficiency. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2012, 28(3): 94-100 (in Chinese)
[32] Hou X-Q (侯贤清), Li R (李荣), Jia Z-K (贾志宽), et al. Effects of different tillage practices on soil properties and wheat yields in dry farmland of northwest China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(5): 1146-1157 (in Chinese)

渭北旱塬农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状、玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different tillage patterns on soil properties, maize yield and water use efficiency in Weibei Highland, China.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价