崂山湾人工鱼礁区星康吉鳗摄食生态及食物网结构

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201804.031

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 1339-1351.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201804.031

崂山湾人工鱼礁区星康吉鳗摄食生态及食物网结构

刘鸿雁¹, 孙彤彤¹, 曾晓起¹, 张沛东¹, 李文涛¹, 张秀梅^1,2*

¹中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266003;
²青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室/海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东青岛 266072;

收稿日期:2017-08-29 出版日期:2018-04-18 发布日期:2018-04-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: gaozhang@ouc.edu.cn
作者简介:刘鸿雁,男,1992年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事人工鱼礁生态学研究. E-mail: Liu_hy1992@126.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31172447,31572227)、国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405010)和青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目(2015ASKJ01)

Feeding ecology of Conger myriaster and structure of the food webs in artificial reef zone, Laoshan Bay, China

LIU Hong-yan¹, SUN Tong-tong¹, ZENG Xiao-qi¹, ZHANG Pei-dong¹, LI Wen-tao¹, ZHANG Xiu-mei^1,2*

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China;
²Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process/Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, Shandong, China;

Received:2017-08-29 Online:2018-04-18 Published:2018-04-18
Contact: * E-mail: gaozhang@ouc.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31172447,31572227), the Marine Public Welfare Industry Research (201405010) and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (2015ASKJ01).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据2015年4月至2017年1月于崂山湾人工鱼礁区地笼网和延绳钓捕获的279尾星康吉鳗样本,从胃含物组成、食性类型、摄食等级、营养生态位和营养级等方面对其摄食生态进行研究,同时结合海区许氏平鲉、大泷六线鱼、斑头鱼、褐菖鲉、花鲈等9种鱼类的胃含物分析结果,构建人工鱼礁区鱼类关键种的简化食物网模型.食性研究结果表明: 星康吉鳗共摄食7类30余种饵料,虾类是其最主要的饵料类群,其次为鱼类和头足类,大泷六线鱼、方氏云鳚、鹰爪虾、玉筋鱼和日本鼓虾等是其优势饵料.星康吉鳗的饵料生物组成随肛长和季节发生显著变化.四季均以鱼类和虾类为主,春季胃含物中包括头足类,秋季包括头足类和蟹类,冬季亦有蟹类出现.肛长≤120 mm的星康吉鳗主要摄食鱼卵和鹰爪虾,120～130 mm肛长组主要摄食玉筋鱼和日本鼓虾,肛长＞130 mm的星康吉鳗主要摄食大泷六线鱼和方氏云鳚.其摄食强度也随季节和肛长而变化,空胃率的季节性差异显著,平均胃饱满系数的季节性差异不显著,不同肛长组的空胃率和平均胃饱满系数均不存在显著差异.人工鱼礁区简化食物网结构显示: 鱼类关键种的营养级均在3级以上,星康吉鳗的营养级为4.636,处于海区食物网的最顶端.虾类、蟹类、端足类和软体动物等是鱼类关键种的主要饵料,甲壳类、方氏云鳚、大泷六线鱼和玉筋鱼是高营养级鱼类花鲈和星康吉鳗的主要饵料.

Abstract: Based on cage net and longline fishing surveys in Laoshan Bay, China, from April 2015 to January 2017, a total of 279 Conger myriaster stomach samples were analyzed to study their feeding ecology, including diet composition, feeding type, feeding grade, feeding intensity, trophic niche, and trophic level. The stomach content analysis of nine key fish species (including Sebastes schlegelii, Hexagrammos otakii, Hexagrammos agrammus, Sebastiscus mamoratus, Lateolabrax maculatus, etc.), were conducted to examine the food webs in artificial reef zone. The results showed that the diet of C. myriaster consisted of more than 30 species belonging to seven orders, in which shrimps were the most dominant prey species, followed by fishes and cephalopods. The dominant species in the diet of C. myriaster were H.otakii, Enedrias fangi, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Ammodytes personatus and Alpheus japonicas. The diet composition of C. myriaster varied with season and anal length. Fishes and shrimps were the two important groups throughout the years. Cephalopods were predominant in spring. Cephalopods and crabs were predominant in Autumn. Fish eggs were eaten mostly during winter. Fish eggs and T. curvirostris were the dominant prey groups of the C. myriaster with anal length ≤120 mm, whereas A. personatus and A. japonicas were the dominant prey groups of the C. myriaster with anal length 120-130 mm, H.otakii and E.fangi were the dominant prey of the C. myriaster with anal length ＞130 mm. The percentage of empty stomach of C. myriaster varied significantly with season, but the mean stomach fullness index did not. The percentage of empty stomach and mean stomach fullness index did not differ significantly among different anal length groups. The trophic levels of the key fish species were higher than level 3, with C. myriaster at the top of food webs (with a trophic level of 4.636). Decapoda, crabs, amphipoda and molluscs were the main prey of key fish species, while Crustaceans, E. fangi, H. otakii and A. personatus were the main preys of L. maculatus and C. myriaster.

刘鸿雁, 孙彤彤, 曾晓起, 张沛东, 李文涛, 张秀梅. 崂山湾人工鱼礁区星康吉鳗摄食生态及食物网结构[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(4): 1339-1351.

LIU Hong-yan, SUN Tong-tong, ZENG Xiao-qi, ZHANG Pei-dong, LI Wen-tao, ZHANG Xiu-mei. Feeding ecology of Conger myriaster and structure of the food webs in artificial reef zone, Laoshan Bay, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(4): 1339-1351.

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崂山湾人工鱼礁区星康吉鳗摄食生态及食物网结构

Feeding ecology of Conger myriaster and structure of the food webs in artificial reef zone, Laoshan Bay, China

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