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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 2897-2906.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.008

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

多尺度流域生态脆弱性评价及其空间关联性——以甘肃白龙江流域为例

张金茜, 李红瑛, 曹二佳, 巩杰*   

  1. 兰州大学资源环境学院/西部环境教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-24 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: jgong@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张金茜,女,1995年生,硕士. 主要从事GIS应用和景观生态学研究. E-mail: zhangjq2016@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41771196,41271199)资助

Assessment of ecological vulnerability in multi-scale and its spatial correlation: A case study of Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu Province, China.

ZHANG Jin-xi, LI Hong-ying, CAO Er-jia, GONG Jie*   

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
  • Received:2018-01-24 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41771196, 41271199).

摘要: 生态脆弱性研究对区域生态环境保护及可持续发展具有重要意义.甘肃白龙江流域是长江上游重要的水源涵养和水土保持区,开展流域生态脆弱性研究十分必要.本研究以流域内各乡镇为研究单元,基于生态敏感性-生态恢复力-生态压力度模型,并结合景观格局指数和流域典型生态系统类型构建生态脆弱性评价指标体系,综合运用辅助回归法、熵权法、综合指数法及空间自相关等方法,从乡镇、县区、流域3个尺度深入分析2002、2014年甘肃白龙江流域生态脆弱性的时空格局,并探讨了流域生态脆弱性的空间关联关系.结果表明: 乡镇尺度上,2002和2014年处于重度、极度脆弱的乡镇均集中分布在武都大部及宕昌西北,且12年来流域乡镇的生态脆弱性从以中度脆弱为主向轻度脆弱转变;2002—2014年,县区尺度上,仅舟曲县生态脆弱性的变化程度较平稳,武都、文县、宕昌、迭部相对剧烈,且武都、文县、迭部的生态脆弱性在一定程度上发生好转,而宕昌县在逐渐恶化;流域尺度上,2002和2014年流域生态脆弱性指数的平均值分别为0.2976和0.2904,呈小幅下降趋势,表征12年来流域的生态脆弱性有所降低;变异系数分别为0.3905和0.4358,呈增加趋势,说明流域生态脆弱性的空间格局向不均衡方向发展;2002年流域生态脆弱性指数的Moran I值为0.5460,表明2002年流域生态脆弱性在空间上呈集聚现象,高高聚集区主要分布在武都北部及中部,零散分布在宕昌西北;2014年流域生态脆弱性指数的Moran I值增加至0.5635,空间集聚更为显著,高高聚集区集中分布在武都中部及宕昌西北.

Abstract: The study of ecological vulnerability is of great significance to regional ecological environment protection and sustainable development. Bailongjiang Watershed (BLJW) of Gansu Pro-vince is a vital area for water conservation and environmental fragile in the upper Yangtze River. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the ecological vulnerability of BLJW for local sustainable development. Based on the sensitivity-recovery-pressure (SRP) model, landscape pattern index and the typical ecosystem type, we constructed the assessment system of ecological vulnerability by taking township as the spatial unit to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of ecological vulnerability from the township, county, watershed scales in BLJW of Gansu Province in 2002 and 2014 via the auxi-liary regression, entropy weight, synthetic index, and spatial autocorrelation methods. The results showed that from the view of the township scale, the townships of severe or extreme vulnerability were concentrated in the northwestern Tanchang and most of Wudu in 2002 and 2014. The ecological vulnerability in the watershed had changed from moderate vulnerability to light vulnerability at township scale. At the county scale, the change of ecological vulnerability in Zhouqu was relatively stable, while that of Wudu, Wenxian, Tanchang and Diebu were relatively violent from 2002 to 2014. The ecological vulnerability of Wudu, Wenxian and Diebu improved to a certain extent, while that of Tanchang was deteriorating gradually. On watershed scale, the average value of ecological vulnerability index in the watershed were 0.2976 and 0.2904 in 2002 and 2014, respectively, showing a small downward trend, indicating that the ecological vulnerability in the watershed decreased in the past 12 years. The coefficients of variation were 0.3905 and 0.4358, respectively, with an increasing trend, suggesting that the spatial pattern of ecological vulnerability in the watershed developed in an unbalanced way. In 2002, the Moran I of ecological vulnerability index in the watershed was 0.5460, implying that the ecological vulnerability in the watershed was spatially agglomerated. Specifically, the areas of high-high were mainly distributed in the northern and central Wudu, and northwestern Tanchang. In 2014, the Moran I of ecological vulnerability index in the watershed increased to 0.5635, which indicated that the spatial agglomeration was more significant, and the areas of high-high were concentrated in central Wudu and northwestern Tanchang.