间伐改形对陇东旱塬密闭苹果园树体冠层结构和发育后期叶片质量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 3008-3016.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.026

间伐改形对陇东旱塬密闭苹果园树体冠层结构和发育后期叶片质量的影响

孙文泰, 牛军强, 董铁, 刘兴禄, 尹晓宁, 马明^*

甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2017-12-29 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
通讯作者: E-mail: maming65118@163.com
作者简介:孙文泰,女,1983年生,硕士,助理研究员. 主要从事苹果抗旱栽培生理与旱作生态研究. E-mail: swt830312@126.com
基金资助:
本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201135)、国家自然科学基金项目(31760555,3176110476)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)、甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(GPCK 2011-1)、国家苹果产业技术体系平凉综合试验站项目(GARS-27)和农业部西北地区果树科学观测试验站项目(S-10-18)资助

Effect of thinning and reshaping on the canopy structure and leaf quality at late growth stage in dense apple orchard in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China.

SUN Wen-tai, NIU Jun-qiang, DONG Tie, LIU Xing-lu, YIN Xiao-ning, MA Ming^*

Institute of Forestry, Fruits and Floriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China.

Received:2017-12-29 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2016YFD0201135), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760555,3176110476), the Special Foundation of Public Welfare (Agriculture) Research (201303104), Scientific and Technological Project of the Apple Industry in Gansu (GPCK 2011-1), the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27), and the Laboratory of Horticultural Crops in Genetics and Breeding of China (S-10-18).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究间伐改形对红富士成龄乔化密植果园树体冠层特征、生育后期叶片生理特性、养分积累分配规律、光合生产力和土壤水分时空分布动态的影响,以18年生‘红富士’苹果密闭园为试材,对苹果树单株结构参数、枝量、枝类组成、覆盖率、叶片光合速率等参数进行测定.结果表明: 密闭果园叶片光合作用受非气孔因素限制,导致PSII最大光化学效率、PSII光合潜能、光合性能指数下降了1.2%、11.5%、13.9%.间伐改形后,叶面积指数、树冠覆盖率有所降低,使得冠层直射光透过系数增加了79.0%,树形结构有所改善.苹果园总枝数降低到约1100400条·hm^-2,单株枝量增加了5.0%,短枝比例提高至73.0%.由于冠层光照条件的改善,叶面积、比叶质量、百叶重、叶绿素含量有不同程度的提高.叶片光合速率的提高促进了光合产物的积累,淀粉、蛋白质含量为密闭果园的143.5%、107.8%.叶片的发育质量与其所处的光照辐射环境有着密切联系,密闭果园经间伐、改形后,果园群体结构和冠层光照得以改善,促进了叶片生长发育,提高了叶片光合效能,降低了果园土壤水分的无效消耗,是陇东旱塬苹果产区密闭果园适宜的调整、优化方案.

Abstract: In order to examine the effects of thinning and reshaping on canopy structure, leaf physio-logical property at late growth stage, characteristic of nutrient accumulation and distribution in leaf, and the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture, 18 year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees in dense apple orchards were used to measure the canopy size, types and numbers of branches, leaf area index before and after the thinning and reshaping practices. The results showed that before pruning, the photosynthesis was limited by non-stomatal factors, with a reduction in F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o PIabs by 1.2%, 11.5%, 13.9%, respectively. However, the thinning and reshaping practices reduced leaf area index and canopy coverage, increased light interception up to 79% and improved tree construction. The total number of shoots decreased to 1100400 per hectare, while the individual shoot numbers were increased by 5.0% and the ratio of spur increased up to 73%. Due to the improvement of canopy lighting distribution, the average leaf area, specific leaf quality, hundred leaf mass and chlorophyll content were increased. With the increases of photosynthesis, the accumulation of photosynthate such as starch was increased by 143.5%. There was a close correlation between leaf development and light interception. Our results indicated that tree structure and canopy light interception could be improved by thinning and reshaping the dense trees, which resulted in higher leaf growth, development and photosynthetic capability but less water loss. Thinning and reshaping should be recommended to the renewal of the dense apple orchards in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu.

孙文泰, 牛军强, 董铁, 刘兴禄, 尹晓宁, 马明. 间伐改形对陇东旱塬密闭苹果园树体冠层结构和发育后期叶片质量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(9): 3008-3016.

SUN Wen-tai, NIU Jun-qiang, DONG Tie, LIU Xing-lu, YIN Xiao-ning, MA Ming. Effect of thinning and reshaping on the canopy structure and leaf quality at late growth stage in dense apple orchard in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(9): 3008-3016.

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间伐改形对陇东旱塬密闭苹果园树体冠层结构和发育后期叶片质量的影响

Effect of thinning and reshaping on the canopy structure and leaf quality at late growth stage in dense apple orchard in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China.

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