深松和秸秆还田对甘肃引黄灌区土壤物理性状和玉米生产的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.030

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 224-232.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.030

深松和秸秆还田对甘肃引黄灌区土壤物理性状和玉米生产的影响

温美娟,王成宝,霍琳,姜万礼,杨思存^*

甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 农业部甘肃耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2018-05-10 修回日期:2018-11-23 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
通讯作者: yangsicun@sina.com
作者简介:温美娟, 女, 1988年生, 硕士, 研究实习员. 主要从事植物营养与调控研究. E-mail: wen_mj@126.com
基金资助:
本文由农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117)和甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项(2015GAAS03)资助

Effects of subsoiling and straw returning on soil physical properties and maize production in Yellow River irrigation area of Gansu, China

WEN Mei-juan, WANG Cheng-bao, HUO Lin, JIANG Wan-li, YANG Si-cun^*

Ministry of Agriculture Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation in Gansu, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2018-05-10 Revised:2018-11-23 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Special Foundation of Public Welfare (Agriculture) Research of China (201503117) and the Project of Technology Innovation of Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences (2015GAAS03).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过在甘肃引黄灌区灰钙土2015—2017年的田间试验,研究深松35 cm秸秆还田、深松35 cm秸秆不还田与传统旋耕秸秆不还田对土壤紧实度、容重、入渗率和0～100 cm土层土壤水分、玉米产量、养分吸收量的影响.结果表明: 与深松35 cm秸秆不还田及旋耕秸秆不还田相比,深松35 cm秸秆还田使0～40 cm土层土壤紧实度和容重降低最明显,2017年收获后紧实度与容重较2015年试验前分别下降42.6%、7.0%,且2016和2017年播种前与收获后0～40 cm土层紧实度和容重的变幅最小,紧实度变异系数平均为6.1%,容重为3.2%,土壤入渗率较旋耕秸秆不还田提高33.6%;深松35 cm秸秆还田可显著提高春秋两季0～100 cm土层剖面含水量,降低剖面水分变异,0～100 cm土层土壤贮水量较旋耕秸秆不还田春季增加15.5%,秋季增加5.6%,水分利用效率提高32.4%;此外,深松35 cm秸秆还田能促进玉米生产,较旋耕秸秆不还田的经济产量两年平均分别增产25.6%,生物产量提升33.3%,玉米氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别提高49.6%、51.5%和37.6%.综上,深松35 cm秸秆还田能改善物理土壤特性,稳定耕层物理性状,提高0～100 cm土层剖面水分含量及春秋两季土壤平均贮水量,降低水分变异,是促进玉米水肥高效利用,实现高产的最优措施,为甘肃引黄灌区耕层构建技术的深入研究提供理论依据.

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of subsoiling 35 cm with maize straw returning, subsoiling 35 cm without maize straw returning, and rotary tillage without maize straw returning on soil compaction, soil bulk density, soil infiltration, soil water content in 0-100 cm depth, nutrients uptake and production of maize on sierozem in the Gansu Yellow River irrigated area in 2015-2017. Compared with subsoiling 35 cm without maize straw returning and rotary tillage without maize straw returning, subsoiling 35 cm with maize straw returning significantly decreased the soil compaction and soil density in 0-40 cm depth. Compared with that in 2015 (before experiment), soil compaction and soil bulk density in subsoiling 35 cm with straw returning was decreased by 42.6% and 7.0%, respectively, after harvest in 2017. Compared with other treatments, subsoiling 35 cm with straw returning had the lowest variation of soil compaction (6.1%) and soil bulk density (3.2%) in 0-40 cm depth before sowing and after harvest in 2016 and 2017. The soil infiltration rate in subsoiling 35 cm with straw returning was significantly improved by 33.6% compared with rotary tillage without maize straw returning. Subsoiling 35 cm with straw retention could significantly increase soil water content and decrease water variation in 0-100 cm soil depth in spring (before maize sowing) and autumn (after maize harvest). Compared with rotary tillage without maize straw returning, water storage in subsoiling 35 cm with straw retention was increased by 15.5% and 5.6% in spring and autumn, respectively. The water use efficiency was enhanced by 32.4%. Furthermore, subsoiling 35 cm with straw retention could increase maize economic yield and biomass yield by 25.6% and 33.3%, compared with rotary tillage without straw retention. Subsoilng and straw retention could promote nutrient absorption, with N, P₂O₅ and K₂O uptake increased by 49.6%, 51.5% and 37.6%, compared with rotary tillage. Overall, our results suggested that subsoiling 35 cm straw retention could improve soil characteristics, stabilize the phy-sical properties of the plough layer, increase soil water content in the 0-100 cm soil layer, and reduce water variation in spring and autumn. Consequently, it was the best management to promote the water and nutrient utilization of maize and achieve high yield. Our findings could provide theoretical basis for further research on the construction technology of the plough layer in Gansu irrigation area.

温美娟,王成宝,霍琳,姜万礼,杨思存. 深松和秸秆还田对甘肃引黄灌区土壤物理性状和玉米生产的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(1): 224-232.

WEN Mei-juan, WANG Cheng-bao, HUO Lin, JIANG Wan-li, YANG Si-cun. Effects of subsoiling and straw returning on soil physical properties and maize production in Yellow River irrigation area of Gansu, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(1): 224-232.

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深松和秸秆还田对甘肃引黄灌区土壤物理性状和玉米生产的影响

Effects of subsoiling and straw returning on soil physical properties and maize production in Yellow River irrigation area of Gansu, China

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