玉米与籽粒苋不同种植模式下植物生长及Cd累积特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201909.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为实现Cd污染农田边生产边修复的目标,采用田间原位修复的方式,将玉米与籽粒苋在Cd污染农田中以5种不同的间作模式种植: 交替宽窄行玉米宽行间作单行籽粒苋(T₁)、交替宽窄行玉米宽行间作双行籽粒苋(T₂)、等行距双行玉米间作单行籽粒苋(T₃)、等行距双行玉米间作双行籽粒苋(T₄)、玉米/籽粒苋等4行距间作(T₅),并以玉米(CK₁)和籽粒苋(CK₂)单作种植作为对照,探究不同间作结构配置对作物与超富集植物生长及Cd累积特征的影响.结果表明: 1)与CK₁相比,各间作模式单株玉米的籽粒产量呈增加趋势;T₁间作模式玉米的籽粒产量较CK₁增加10.5%,T₄和T₅间作模式玉米的籽粒产量较CK₁分别减少6.3%和5.4%,T₂和T₃间作模式基本稳产;间作籽粒苋地上部单株生物量及单位面积产量较CK₂分别显著减少69.5%～95.7%和83.9%～96.9%. 2)各间作模式玉米籽粒Cd含量较CK₁呈减少趋势,而间作籽粒苋Cd含量较CK₂呈增加趋势. 3)与CK₂相比,各间作模式籽粒苋的富集系数、转运系数、有效转运系数均呈增加趋势;间作籽粒苋地上部Cd的单株及单位面积提取量较CK₂分别显著减少40.4%～86.7%和70.4%～88.9%;各间作模式玉米与籽粒苋地上部Cd的单位面积提取总量高于单作玉米,但低于单作籽粒苋. 4)各间作模式玉米根际土有效态Cd含量及籽粒苋根际土总Cd、有效态Cd含量分别较单作玉米及单作籽粒苋呈增加趋势,但对非根际土没有显著影响.本研究中,T₁间作模式有利于玉米籽粒产量的提高,T₅间作模式有利于籽粒苋Cd提取量的最大化.

Abstract: To achieve the goal of remediation while producing for farmland contaminated by Cd, maize and grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) were planted on farmland contaminated by Cd in five different intercropping modes, including alternating wide-narrow-row of maize and single-row grain amaranth intercropped between wide rows (T₁), alternating wide-narrow-row of maize and double-row grain amaranth intercropped between wide rows (T₂), equidistant double-row maize and single-row grain amaranth intercropped between rows (T₃), equidistant double-row maize and double-row grain amaranth intercropped between rows (T₄), maize and grain amaranth intercropped with equal four rows (T₅), while maize (CK₁) and grain amaranth (CK₂) single planted as control to explore the effects of different intercropping modes on growth and Cd accumulation of crops and hyper-accumulation plants (A. hypochondriacus). The results showed that: 1) Compared with mono-culture (CK₁), grain yield of maize per plant showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes. The grain yield of maize in T₁ increased by 10.5%, while that in T₄ and T₅ decreased by 6.3% and 5.4% respectively, and that in T₂ or T₃ did not change compared with monoculture of maize. The aboveground biomass per plant and yield per unit area of grain amaranth decreased by 69.5%-95.7% and 83.9%-96.9% in intercropping modes respectively compared with monoculture (CK₂). 2) The Cd content of maize grain showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes compared with monoculture (CK₁). The Cd content of grain amaranth showed a decreasing trend in intercropping modes compared with monoculture (CK2). 3) Compared with monoculture (CK2), the enrichment coefficient, transport coefficient, and effective transport coefficient of grain amaranth all showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes, while the aboveground Cd extraction amount per plant and per unit area of grain amaranth decreased by 40.4%-86.7% and 70.4%-88.9% in intercropping modes, respectively. The total amount of Cd extraction per unit area of maize and grain amaranth in intercropping modes was significantly higher than that in monoculture of maize and lower than that in monoculture of grain amaranth. 4) The content of available Cd in maize rhizosphere soil and the content of total/available Cd in grain amaranth rhizosphere soil both showed an increasing trend in intercropping modes compared with monoculture of both crop, but it had no significant effect on non-rhizosphere soil. In this study, T₁ was beneficial to increase maize grain yield, while T₅ was beneficial to maximize the Cd extraction amount of grain amaranth.

郭楠, 迟光宇, 史奕, 陈欣. 玉米与籽粒苋不同种植模式下植物生长及Cd累积特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(9): 3164-3174.

GUO Nan, CHI Guang-yu, SHI Yi, CHEN Xin. Plant growth and Cd accumulation characteristics in different planting modes of maize and Amaranthus hypochondriacus.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(9): 3164-3174.

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