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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 3863-3874.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201911.017

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1975—2015年玛纳斯河流域土地利用变化的地学信息图谱分析

杨爱民1,2, 朱磊1,2*, 陈署晃3, 靳含1,2, 夏鑫鑫1,2   

  1. 1新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
    2新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
    3新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-21 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2019-11-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: smartzhulei04@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨爱民, 男, 1995 年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事土地利用变化监测、遥感与GIS应用研究. E-mail: 1546056281@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41561019)资助

Geo-informatic spectrum analysis of land use change in the Manas River Basin, China during 1975-2015.

YANG Ai-min1,2, ZHU Lei1,2*, CHEN Shu-huang3, JIN Han1,2, XIA Xin-xin1,2   

  1. 1College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
    2Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi 830052, China;
    3Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Sparing Water, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
  • Received:2019-02-21 Online:2019-11-15 Published:2019-11-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: smartzhulei04@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41561019)

摘要: 地学信息图谱分析可利用图形语言将复杂的地理现象进行简洁的表达,对开展多时空尺度土地利用变化空间格局与时间过程的集成研究具有重要意义.本研究以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例,基于7期遥感数据(1975、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010和2015年)构建土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)图谱体系,定量分析流域LUCC过程及趋势.结果表明:1975—2015年,流域土地利用变化幅度逐渐减弱,土地利用结构由复杂趋向单一,后期趋于稳定.1975—1990年,流域内草地涨势最强,主要来源于未利用土地的转入.1990—2015年,耕地增幅最大,主要由未利用土地、林草地转换而来.土地利用变化模式图谱显示,前期变化型、后期变化型及持续变化型仅占流域面积的1.3%,图谱单元总体变化以未利用土地转向耕地、草地和水域占主导,土地利用变化过程较为稳定.土地利用变化频率图谱的稳定不变区域覆盖流域面积的61.2%,土地利用空间格局相对稳定.土地利用转变最频繁的方式为耕地的持续扩张,以沙湾县柳毛湾镇和玛纳斯县六户地镇为左右中心,呈“摊饼式”向两侧扩张,延伸至古尔班通古特沙漠.通过构建土地利用时空变化图谱,丰富了LUCC时空分析方法体系,为今后开展多时空尺度下的LUCC研究提供了有效手段.

Abstract: Geo-informatic spectrum analysis method was used to understand the complex geogra-phical phenomena concisely in graphic language. It is important for the integration research on spatial pattern and temporal process of land use change over multiple temporal and space scales. Based on remote sensing images in 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, we built the geo-spectrum of land use/cover change (LUCC) and quantitatively analyzed both the process and rend of LUCC in Manas River Basin. Results showed that the range of land use change in this basin was gradually decreasing, and land use structure tended to be simplistic, then tended to stable in later stage during 1975-1990. At the same period, the area of grassland increased greatly, which was mainly derived from unused land. The area of cultivated land expanded from 1990 to 2015, which mainly converted from unused land, forestland, and grassland. The geo-spectrum of land use change model showed that prophase change type, anaphase change type and continuous change type accounted for 1.3% of the total basin area. The overall characteristics of geo-spectrum unit were dominated by unused land converted to cultivated land, forestland and grassland. The land use change process was relatively stable. The Manas River Basin was covered 61.2% by region with comparatively stable spatial pattern. The most frequent way of land use change was increasingly expanding of cultivated land, which was displayed as: Liumaowan Bay Town of Shawan County and Liuhudi Town of Manas County were the center, then expanded to the two sides and spread to the Gurbantunggut Desert. The construct geo-spectrum of LUCC enriched the LUCC spatial-temporal analysis method system and provided an effective approach for the future research of LUCC under multiple temporal and spatial scales.