高浓度CO2对稻穗不同位置籽粒结实和米质性状的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201911.022

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 3725-3734.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201911.022

高浓度CO₂对稻穗不同位置籽粒结实和米质性状的影响

户少武¹, 张欣¹, 景立权¹, 赖上坤¹, 王云霞², 朱建国³, 王余龙¹, 杨连新^1*

¹扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009;
²扬州大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225009;
³中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008

收稿日期:2018-12-01 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2019-11-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: lxyang@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:户少武, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事农产品安全与环境研究. E-mail: 1415064043@qq.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31571597,31671618,31701352,31601255)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on grain filling capacity and quality of rice grains located at different positions on a panicle.

HU Shao-wu¹, ZHANG Xin¹, JING Li-quan¹, LAI Shang-kun¹,WANG Yun-xia², ZHU Jian-guo³, WANG Yu-long¹, YANG Lian-xin^1*

¹Jiangsu Procince Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Procince Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China;
²College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China;
³State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2018-12-01 Online:2019-11-15 Published:2019-11-15
Contact: * E-mail: lxyang@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571597,31671618,31701352,31601255) and the Advantage Discipline Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 不断升高的大气CO₂浓度影响水稻颖花发育、灌浆结实和品质形成,但这种影响是否与籽粒在稻穗上的着生部位有关尚不清楚.利用稻田FACE (Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment)平台,以优质丰产粳稻‘武运粳23’为材料,CO₂处理设背景CO₂浓度(Ambient)和高CO₂浓度(增200 μmol·mol^-1, FACE)两个水平,研究开放大田条件下高浓度CO₂对水稻颖花密度、籽粒结实能力、稻米外观和食味品质的影响及其与稻穗不同着生位置的关系.结果表明:FACE处理使武运粳23籽粒产量平均增加18.3%,从产量构成因素看,穗数和饱粒重分别增加21.4%、9.4%,每穗颖花数、饱粒率平均减少9.0%、2.2%.FACE水稻饱粒率下降主要与稻穗不同部位空粒率大幅增加有关.FACE水稻每穗颖花数减少主要与稻穗上部、中部二次枝梗现存颖花大幅减少有关,而其他位置颖花数均无显著变化;稻穗不同位置饱粒重和饱粒率对FACE的响应无显著差异.FACE处理使绿粒率下降,但糙米长度和宽度均增加,稻穗不同部位趋势一致.FACE使垩白粒率(增幅59%)、垩白度(增幅55%)均极显著增加,增幅表现为稻穗一次枝梗>二次枝梗、上部>中部>下部.FACE使稻穗不同位置稻米直链淀粉含量略增,使最高粘度、热浆粘度、崩解值、最终粘度和消减值略降,但多未达显著水平.FACE使稻米糊化温度显著下降,弱势粒的降幅大于强势粒.综上,高浓度CO₂环境下武运粳23产量增加主要与穗数增多和籽粒增重有关,而稻穗明显变小;高浓度CO₂使稻米绿粒率减少,垩白增多,而对蒸煮食味品质影响较少;颖花着生位置对高浓度CO₂环境下水稻颖花发育、结实和品质的影响因不同测定指标而异.

Abstract: The rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration affects spikelets development, grain filling process, and rice quality. However, it is unclear that whether such effects are related to grain positions on rice panicle. By using a rice FACE (Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment) platform, we grew a japoni-ca rice cultivar Wuyunjing 23, characterized with high yield and good quality, under ambient (Ambient) and elevated CO₂ concentrations (+200 μmol·mol^-1, FACE). The effects of increased CO₂ concentration on spikelet density, grain filling capacity, the appearance and eating quality of rice grains were examined and the association of such effects with grain positions on rice panicle were investigated. The results showed that CO₂ enrichment increased grain yield of Wuyunjing 23 by 18.3%. The panicle number per unit land area and filled-grain weight increased by 21.4% and 9.4%, respectively; whereas the number of spikelets per panicle and filled-grain percentage decreased by 9.0% and 2.2%, respectively. The decreased filled-grain percentage of rice grown under FACE treatment was mainly related to the increases of empty-grain percentage in all parts of rice panicle. The decrease of rice spikelets number per panicle by FACE treatment was mainly due to the substantial decrease of surviving spikelets of secondary branches in upper and middle parts of rice panicles instead of other positions. The CO₂-induced changes of filled-grain weight and filled-grain percentage were similar among grains located at different positions on rice panicle. FACE treatment reduced the green grain rate and increased the grain length and width, with the grains at different positions on rice papnicle showing similar responses. FACE significantly increased chalky grain percentage by 59% and chalkiness degree by 55%, with the increases for both parameters following the order of primary branches>secondary branches and upper part>middle part>lower part. FACE treatment slightly increased amylose content while decreased peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and setback, but most of these effects were nonsignificant. The gelatinization temperature of rice also reduced by 5% under FACE, and the decrease of inferior spikelets was greater than that of superior spikelets. In summary, the yield increase of Wuyunjing 23 under high CO₂ concentration was mainly related to the increases of panicle number and individual grain weight, while the panicle size was reduced. Elevated CO₂ concentration reduced green grain percentage but increased grain chalkiness, and had little effect on cooking and eating quality. The grain positions on rice panicle affected the responses of spikelets development, grain filling capacity and grain quality of rice to elevated CO₂ concentration, but the effects varied across different indices.

户少武, 张欣, 景立权, 赖上坤, 王云霞, 朱建国, 王余龙, 杨连新. 高浓度CO₂对稻穗不同位置籽粒结实和米质性状的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(11): 3725-3734.

HU Shao-wu, ZHANG Xin, JING Li-quan, LAI Shang-kun ,WANG Yun-xia, ZHU Jian-guo, WANG Yu-long, YANG Lian-xin. Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on grain filling capacity and quality of rice grains located at different positions on a panicle.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(11): 3725-3734.

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高浓度CO₂对稻穗不同位置籽粒结实和米质性状的影响

Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on grain filling capacity and quality of rice grains located at different positions on a panicle.

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