坝上地区农田及两种恢复生境中蜘蛛多样性与群落特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.020

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 643-650.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.020

坝上地区农田及两种恢复生境中蜘蛛多样性与群落特征

胡文浩¹, 段美春², 那书豪¹, 张锋³, 宇振荣^1*

¹中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193;
²西南大学农学与生物科技学院, 重庆 400715;
³河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071002

收稿日期:2019-06-30 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: yuzhr@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:胡文浩, 男, 1992年生, 博士研究生。主要从事景观生态学研究。E-mail: huwenhao@cau.edu.cn
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(41671181)资助

Spider diversity and community characteristics in cropland and two kinds of recovery habitats in Bashang area, China

HU Wen-hao¹, DUAN Mei-chun², NA Shu-hao¹, ZHANG Feng³, YU Zhen-rong^1*

¹College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
²College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
³College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China

Received:2019-06-30 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-15
Contact: * E-mail: yuzhr@cau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671181).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蜘蛛是农田生态系统中重要的自然天敌,其生物多样性及群落特征直接决定了农田的害虫控制等生态系统服务功能质量。农田及其周边的恢复生境是蜘蛛重要的栖息地。本研究采用陷阱法,对河北省张家口市崇礼区871、1360、1635 m 3个海拔农田、自然恢复草地及人工修复林地的蜘蛛群落的物种组成、物种多样性和功能特征进行研究,分析不同恢复生境中蜘蛛群落特征。结果表明: 不同生境蜘蛛的物种多样性指数差异明显,人工修复林地蜘蛛的多度为124.3只,显著高于自然恢复草地(70.1)及农田(38.6)的蜘蛛多度;人工修复林地(16.3)与自然恢复草地(21.4)的物种丰富度没有显著差别,但均显著高于农田(8.9);人工修复林地(2.04)及自然恢复草地(2.05)的Shannon多样性指数差异不显著,且均显著高于农田(1.55)。3种生境的蜘蛛群落组成均具有显著差异;蜘蛛体长与蜘蛛捕猎类型呈正相关,大型蜘蛛倾向于通过捕猎获取食物;自然恢复草地与农田蜘蛛以游猎型为主,而人工修复林地倾向于拥有更多的结网型蜘蛛,高海拔地区的蜘蛛体积通常较小。自然恢复草地与人工修复林地均可以提升蜘蛛群落多样性,在区域生物多样性保护中起重要作用;不同生境蜘蛛群落组成出现了显著分化,即蜘蛛群落总体的功能特征发生改变和保留了部分生境特有种。2种恢复生境蜘蛛多样性指标优于农田生境,且2种恢复生境物种组成存在差异,均具有保护特有种的功能,研究结果对农田及区域尺度蜘蛛生物多样性保护与恢复具有指导意义。

Abstract: Spiders are important natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems. The biodiversity and community characteristics of spider directly determine the quality of ecosystem services such as pest control in cropland. Cropland and its surrounding recovery habitats are important for spiders. We used trap method to examine species composition, species diversity, and functional characteristics of spider communities at three altitudes (871, 1360 and 1635 m) and three habitats (cropland, natural recovery grassland, artificial restoration woodland) in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China. The results showed that diversity index of different habitats was significantly diffe-rent. The abundance of spiders in artificial restoration woodland was 124.3, which was significantly higher than that in natural recovery grassland (70.1) and cropland (38.6). Species richness of artificial restoration woodland (16.3) and natural recovery grassland (21.4) were not significantly different, but both were significantly higher than those of cropland (8.9). The Shannon diversity index of artificial restoration woodland (2.04) and natural recovery grassland (2.05) was not significantly different, and both were significantly higher than that of cropland (1.55). There were significant differences in community composition among all three habitats. Spider body length was positively correlated with spider hunting types. Large spiders tended to get food by hunting. Natural recovery grassland and cropland spiders were dominated by safari, and artificial restoration woodland with more web-forming spiders. Spiders at higher altitude were generally small. Both natural recovery grassland and artificial restoration woodland could increase spider diversity and played important roles in regional biodiversity protection. Spider community composition differentiated in different habitats, with the overall functional characteristics of spider communities being changed and some habitats being retained. The index of spider diversity of the two recovery habitats was higher than that of cropland habitats, with differences in the species composition of the two recovery habitats, both of which had the function of protecting endemic species. Our results were useful for the protection and restoration of spider biodiversity on cropland and regional scales.

胡文浩, 段美春, 那书豪, 张锋, 宇振荣. 坝上地区农田及两种恢复生境中蜘蛛多样性与群落特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(2): 643-650.

HU Wen-hao, DUAN Mei-chun, NA Shu-hao, ZHANG Feng, YU Zhen-rong. Spider diversity and community characteristics in cropland and two kinds of recovery habitats in Bashang area, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(2): 643-650.

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坝上地区农田及两种恢复生境中蜘蛛多样性与群落特征

Spider diversity and community characteristics in cropland and two kinds of recovery habitats in Bashang area, China

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