大兴安岭重度火烧迹地恢复后土壤磷形态与解磷细菌分布特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨大兴安岭重度火烧迹地恢复后土壤不同磷形态含量、解磷细菌群落结构的差异及两者之间的关系,以人工恢复(樟子松人工林、落叶松人工林)、人工促进天然恢复(次生林)以及天然恢复(天然次生林)的林地土壤为研究对象,采用Sui等修正的Hedley磷素分级法对根际土壤和0～10、10～20 cm非根际土壤进行磷素分级测定,并用高通量测序法得到土壤解磷细菌种群丰度。结果表明: 0～10 cm非根际土壤水溶性磷(H₂O-P_i)、碳酸氢钠无机磷(NaHCO₃-P_i)、碳酸氢钠有机磷(NaHCO₃-P_o)及根际土壤NaHCO₃-P_o含量表现为落叶松人工林>樟子松人工林>天然次生林>次生林。10～20 cm非根际土壤H₂O-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_o及根际土壤H₂O-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_i含量表现为落叶松人工林>樟子松人工林>次生林>天然次生林。不同林分根际与非根际土壤H₂O-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_i和NaHCO₃-P_o含量的比值(R/S)均大于1。中等活性氢氧化钠磷(NaOH-P)包括氢氧化钠无机磷(NaOH-P_i)和氢氧化钠有机磷(NaOH-P_o)。在0～10 cm非根际土壤及根际土壤中NaOH-P含量表现为落叶松人工林>天然次生林>次生林>樟子松人工林,在10～20 cm非根际土壤中表现为落叶松人工林>樟子松人工林>次生林>天然次生林。土壤NaOH-P存在明显的根际效应。酸溶性磷(HCl-P)包括酸溶性无机磷(HCl-P_i)和酸溶性有机磷(HCl-P_o)。在0～10 cm非根际土壤中HCl-P含量表现为落叶松人工林>天然次生林>樟子松人工林>次生林,在10～20 cm非根际及根际土壤中表现为落叶松人工林>樟子松人工林>天然次生林>次生林。土壤残留磷(residual-P)含量对林地恢复方式不敏感。各林分土壤主要解磷细菌均为慢生根瘤菌属、链霉菌属、伯克霍尔德菌属和芽孢杆菌属。樟子松人工林和落叶松人工林土壤解磷细菌丰度显著高于次生林和天然次生林。冗余分析表明,解磷细菌与不同磷形态之间相关性各异。在现阶段来看,人工恢复更有利于提高土壤磷的有效性和增加解磷细菌的丰度。

Abstract: To understand the contents of various phosphorus forms, phosphorus solubilizing bacte-rial community structure and the relationship between them in soils after restoration from the seriously burning, we collected soil samples from artificial restoration (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, Larix gmelinii plantation), artificial accelerated natural restoration (secondary forest) and natural restoration (natural secondary forest) stands in Greater Khingan Mountain area. Using methods of Sui et al. modified from Hedley phosphorus fractionation, we measured the contents of different phosphorus forms in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil (0-10, 10-20 cm). Abundances of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria were quantified by high-throughput sequencing method. The results showed that the contents of H₂O-P_i, NaHCO₃-P_i and NaHCO₃-P_oin 0-10 cm bulk soil and NaHCO₃-P_o in rhizosphere soil followed the order of L. gmelinii plantation > P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation > natural secondary forest > secondary forest. The contents of H₂O-P_i, NaHCO₃-P_i, NaHCO₃-P_o in 10-20 cm bulk soil and H₂O-P_i, NaHCO₃-P_i in rhizosphere soil followed the order of L. gmelinii plantation > P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation > secondary forest > natural secondary forest. The ratios of contents of H₂O-P_i, NaHCO₃-P_i and NaHCO₃-P_o in rhizosphere to those in bulk soil (R/S) were higher than 1 in all forest stands. The moderately labile NaOH-P included NaOH-P_i and NaOH-P_o. The content of NaOH-P was in order of L. gmelinii plantation > natural secondary forest > secondary forest > P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in 0-10 cm layer of bulk and rhizosphere soil, and ranked as L. gmelinii plantation > P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation > secondary forest > natural secondary forest in 10-20 cm layer of bulk soil. There was rhizosphere effect of NaOH-P in the soil. The stable HCl-P included HCl-P_i and HCl-P_o. The content of HCl-P followed the order of L. gmelinii plantation > natural secondary forest > P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation > secondary forest in 0-10 cm layer of bulk soil,and ranked as L. gmelinii plantation > P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation > natural secondary forest > secondary forest in the 10-20 cm layer. The content of residual-P in the soil was not sensitive to restoration methods. Bradyrhizobium, Streptomyces, Burkholderia and Bacillus were the main phosphorus solubilizing bacteria across all forest stands. The abundances of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in soil of L. gmelinii plantation and P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation were significantly higher than that of secondary forest and natural secondary forest. Results of redundancy analysis showed that the correlation between phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and various phosphorus forms was different. Our results showed that artificial afforestation was more conducive in improving the availability of phosphorus in soil and the abundance of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria.

春雪, 赵雨森, 辛颖, 李金享, 梁东哲. 大兴安岭重度火烧迹地恢复后土壤磷形态与解磷细菌分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(2): 388-398.

CHUN Xue, ZHAO Yu-sen, XIN Yin, LI Jin-xiang, LIANG Dong-zhe. Soil phosphorus forms and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria distribution after restoration from seriously burning in Greater Khingan Mountain areas, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(2): 388-398.

参考文献 46

[1]	Galvani R, Hotta LFK, Rosolem CA. Phosphorus sources and fractions in an oxisol under no-tilled soybean. Scientia Agricola, 2008, 65: 415-421
[2]	杨军, 高伟, 任顺荣. 长期施肥条件下潮土土壤磷素对磷盈亏的响应. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23): 4738-4747 [Yang J, Gao W, Ren S-R. Response of soil phosphorus to P balance under long-term fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4738-4747]
[3]	Schachtman DP, Reid RJ, Ayling RM. Phosphorus uptake by plants: From soil to cell. Plant Physiology, 1998, 116: 447-453
[4]	Stewart JWB, Tiessen H. Dynamics of soil organic phosphorus. Biogeochemistry, 1987, 4: 41-60
[5]	Stutter MI, Shand CA, George TS, et al. Land use and soil factors affecting accumulation of phosphorus species in temperate soils. Geoderma, 2015, 257-258: 29-39
[6]	Prietzel J, Klysubun W, Werner F. Speciation of phosphorus in temperate zone forest soils as assessed by combined wet-chemical fractionation and XANES spectros-copy. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2016, 179: 168-185
[7]	张鑫, 谷会岩, 陈祥伟. 择伐干扰对小兴安岭阔叶红松林土壤磷形态及有效性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 441-448 [Zhang X, Gu H-Y, Chen X-W. Effects of selective cutting on soil phosphorus forms and availability in Korean pine broadleaved forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains of China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2): 441-448]
[8]	陈立新. 落叶松人工林土壤酸度变化与无机磷形态的关系. 中国水土保持科学, 2005, 3(4): 108-114 [Chen L-X. Soil acidity change of larch plantation and relation between change and inorganic phosphorus types. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 3(4): 108-114]
[9]	Richardson AE, Hadobas PA, Hayes JE. Extracellular secretion of Aspergillus phytase from Arabidopsis roots enables plants to obtain phosphorus from phytate. Plant Journal, 2001, 25: 641-649
[10]	Liu ZG, Li YC, Zhang SA, et al. Characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from calcareous soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 96: 217-224
[11]	赵小蓉, 林启美, 孙焱鑫, 等. 玉米根际与非根际解磷细菌的分布特点. 生态学杂志, 2001, 20(6): 62-64 [Zhao X-R, Lin Q-M, Sun Y-X, et al. Phosphobacteria distribution in rhizophere and nonrhizosphere soil of corn. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2001, 20(6): 62-64]
[12]	Oliveira CA, Alves VMC, Marriel IE, et al. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere of maize cultivated in an oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrado Biome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 1782-1787
[13]	Awais M, Tariq M, Ali A, et al. Isolation, characterization and inter-relationship of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of sugarcane and rice. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2017, 11: 312-321
[14]	滕泽栋, 李敏, 朱静, 等. 野鸭湖湿地芦苇根际微生物多样性与磷素形态关系. 环境科学, 2017, 38(11): 4589-4597 [Teng Z-D, Li M, Zhu J, et al. Effects of soil microbial diversity on the phosphate fraction in the rhizosphere of Phragmites communis in the Yeyahu Wetland in Beijing, China. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(11): 4589-4597]
[15]	Sui Y, Thompson ML, Shang C. Fractionation of phosphorus in a mollisol amended with biosolids. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1999, 63: 1174-1180
[16]	Hedley MJ, Stewart JWB, Chauhan BS. Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1982, 46: 970-976
[17]	Biddle JF, Fitz-Gibbon S, Schuster SC, et al. Metage-nomic signatures of the Peru Margin subseafloor biosphere show a genetically distinct environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, 105: 10583-10588
[18]	Jing X, Huang WH, Tang YJ, et al. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Du-Zhong) lignans inhibit angiotensin Ⅱ-stimulated proliferation by affecting P21, P27, and bax expression in rat mesangial cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 2015: 987973, doi: 10.1155/2015/987973
[19]	杨玉盛, 何宗明, 邹双全, 等. 格氏栲天然林与人工林根际土壤微生物及其生化特性的研究. 生态学报, 1998, 18(2): 198-202 [Yang Y-S, He Z-M, Zou S-Q, et al. A study on the soil microbes and biochemistry of rhizospheric and total soil in natural forest and plantation of Castanopsis kauakamii. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1998, 18(2): 198-202]
[20]	Hunger S, Sims JT, Sparks DL. How accurate is the assessment of phosphorus pools in poultry litter by sequential extraction? Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005, 34: 382-389
[21]	Johnson AH, Frizano J, Vann DR. Biogeochemical implications of labile phosphorus in forest soils determined by the Hedley fractionation procedure. Oecologia, 2003, 135: 487-499
[22]	Rose TJ, Hardiputra B, Rengel Z. Wheat, canola and grain legume access to soil phosphorus fractions differs in soils with contrasting phosphorus dynamics. Plant and Soil, 2010, 326: 159-170
[23]	Cross AF, Schlesinger WH. A literature review and eva-luation of the Hedley fractionation: Applications to the biogeochemical cycle of soil phosphorus in natural ecosystems. Geofisica Internacional, 1995, 64: 197-214
[24]	孔健健, 张亨宇, 荆爽. 大兴安岭火后演替初期森林土壤磷的动态变化特征. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(6): 1515-1523 [Kong J-J, Zhang H-Y, Jing S. Dynamic characteristics of forest soil phosphorus in the early succession after fire in Great Xing’an Mountains. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017, 36(6): 1515-1523]
[25]	孙桂芳, 金继运, 石元亮. 腐殖酸和改性木质素对土壤磷有效性影响的研究进展. 土壤通报, 2011, 42(4): 1003-1009 [Sun G-F, Jin J-Y, Shi Y-L. Advances in the effect of humic acid and modified lignin on availability to crops. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 42(4): 1003-1009]
[26]	Wright RB, Lockaby BG, Walbridge MR. Phosphorus availability in an artificially flooded southeastern floodplain forest soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2001, 65: 1293-1302
[27]	杨小燕, 范瑞英, 王恩姮, 等. 典型黑土区不同水土保持林表层土壤磷素形态及有效性. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6): 1555-1560 [Yang X-Y, Fan R-Y, Wang E-H, et al. Topsoil phosphorus forms and availability of different soil and water conservation plantations in typical black soil region, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(6): 1555-1560]
[28]	Selmants PC, Hart SC. Phosphorus and soil development: Does the Walker and Syers model apply to semiarid ecosystems? Ecology, 2010, 91: 474-484
[29]	Song C, Han XZ, Tang C. Changes in phosphorus fractions, sorption and release in Udic Mollisols under different ecosystems. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2007, 44: 37-47
[30]	Jones DL, Darrah PR. Role of root derived organic acids in the mobilization of nutrients from the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil, 1994, 166: 247-257
[31]	杨威, 周卫军, 包春红, 等. 茶树根际土壤磷的解吸特性. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(7): 1843-1848 [Yang W, Zhou W-J, Bao C-H, et al. Desorption cha-racteristics of phosphorus in tea tree rhizosphere soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(7): 1843-1848]
[32]	Turner BL, Driessen JP, Haygarth PM, et al. Potential contribution of lysed bacterial cells to phosphorus solubilisation in two rewetted Australian pasture soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003, 35: 187-189
[33]	Krey T, Vassilev N, Baum C, et al. Effects of long-term phosphorus application and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on maize phosphorus nutrition under field conditions. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2013, 55: 124-130
[34]	吴则焰, 林文雄, 陈志芳, 等. 武夷山国家自然保护区不同植被类型土壤微生物群落特征. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(8): 2301-2309 [Wu Z-Y, Lin W-X Chen Z-F, et al. Characteristics of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, East China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(8): 2301-2309]
[35]	赵琼, 曾德慧, 于占源, 等. 沙地樟子松人工林土壤磷素转化的根际效应. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17(8): 1377-1381 [Zhao Q, Zeng D-H, Yu Z-Y, et al. Rhizosphere effects of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on soil phosphorus transformation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(8): 1377-1381]
[36]	盛荣, 肖和艾, 谭周进, 等. 土壤解磷微生物及其磷素有效性转化机理研究进展. 土壤通报, 2010, 41(6): 1505-1510 [Sheng R, Xiao H-A, Tan Z-J, et al. Advance in phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms and the mechanisms on phosphorus transformation and availa-bility. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(6): 1505-1510]
[37]	Katznelson H, Peterson EA, Rouatt JW. Phosphate-dissolving microorganisms in seed and in the root zone of plants. Canadian Journal of Botany, 2011, 40: 1181-1186
[38]	Reyes I, Valery A, Valduz Z. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizospheric and bulk soils of colonizer plants at an abandoned rock phosphate mine. Plant and Soil, 2006, 287: 69-75
[39]	吕德国, 于翠, 杜国栋, 等. 樱桃属(Cerasus)植物根围微生物多样性. 生态学报, 2008, 28(8): 3882-3890 [Lyu D-G, Yu C, Du G-D, et al. Microbe diversity in the rhizosphere of Cerasus plants. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(8): 3882-3890]
[40]	马雪松, 王文波, 王延平, 等. 杨树人工林连作与轮作对土壤解磷微生物类群的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(6): 1877-1885 [Ma X-S, Wang W-B, Wang Y-P, et al. Characteristics of phosphate-solubili-zing microbial community in the soil of poplar plantations under successive-planting and rotation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(6): 1877-1885]
[41]	王延平, 王华田. 植物根分泌的化感物质及其在土壤中的环境行为. 土壤通报, 2010, 41(2): 501-507 [Wang Y-P, Wang H-T. Allelochemicals from roots exudation and its environment behavior in soil. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(2): 501-507]
[42]	Pérez E, Sulbarán M, Ball MM, et al. Isolation and characterization of mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacteria naturally colonizing a limonitic crust in the south-eastern Venezuelan region. Soil Biology and Bioche-mistry, 2007, 39: 2905-2914
[43]	林启美, 王华, 赵小蓉, 等. 一些细菌和真菌的解磷能力及其机理初探. 微生物学报, 2001, 28(2): 26-30 [Lin Q-M, Wang H, Zhao X-R, et al. Capacity of some bacteria and fungi in dissolving phosphate rock. Microbiology China, 2001, 28(2): 26-30]
[44]	Kim YH, Bae B, Choung YK. Optimization of biological phosphorus removal from contaminated sediments with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2005, 99: 23-29
[45]	潘虹, 曹翠玲, 林雁冰, 等. 石灰性土壤解磷细菌的鉴定及其对土壤无机磷形态的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2015, 43(10): 114-122 [Pan H, Cao C-L, Lin Y-B, et al. Identification of PSB and their impact on soil inorganic phosphorus. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science), 2015, 43(10): 114-122]
[46]	Soltani AA, Khavazi K, Rahmani HA, et al. Plant growth promoting characteristics in some Flavobacterium spp. isolated from soils of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010, 2: 106-115