水氮耦合对旱地胡麻产量形成与花后氮素积累转运的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202003.028

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 909-918.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202003.028

水氮耦合对旱地胡麻产量形成与花后氮素积累转运的影响

崔政军¹, 刘栋¹, 吴兵^1,2, 剡斌¹, 马俊¹, 赵邦庆¹, 高玉红^1*, 牛俊义¹

¹甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州 730070;
²甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2019-05-22 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-15
通讯作者: E-mail: gaoyh@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:崔政军, 男, 1988年生, 博士研究生。主要从事作物栽培与生理生态研究。E-mail: 987437555@qq.com
基金资助:
本文由国家特色油料作物产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-14-1-16)、国家自然科学基金项目(31660368,31760363)和甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05)资助

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on grain yield formation and nitrogen accumulation, transportation of oil flax in dryland

CUI Zheng-jun¹, LIU Dong¹, WU Bing^1,2, YAN Bin¹, MA Jun¹, ZHAO Bang-qing¹, GAO Yu-hong^1*, NIU Jun-yi¹

¹College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
²College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2019-05-22 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-15
Contact: E-mail: gaoyh@gsau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of Construct Special Fund (CARS-14-1-16), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660368, 31760363) and Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Plan of Gansu Agricultural University (Gaufx-02J05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确旱地胡麻在有限灌水条件下的最佳水氮耦合管理模式,采用完全随机裂区试验设计,以灌水(I₀: 0 m³·hm^-2; I₁₂₀₀: 1200 m³·hm^-2; I₁₈₀₀: 1800 m³·hm^-2)为主区,施氮量(N₀: 0 kg·hm^-2; N₆₀₀: 60 kg·hm^-2; N₁₂₀: 120 kg·hm^-2)为副区,测定胡麻不同生育阶段氮素积累量、花后氮素转运特征、产量和氮肥利用率。结果表明: 不同水氮处理对旱地胡麻不同生育时期各器官氮素吸收、积累及产量的耦合效应不同。不灌水条件下,施氮有利于胡麻花期和成熟期茎秆对氮素的吸收,不同灌水水平下N₁₂₀均抑制了茎秆对氮的吸收;I₁₂₀₀水平下,花期叶片氮含量随施氮量的增加先升高后下降,N₆₀较N₀和N₁₂₀高11.0%和28.9%;I₁₈₀₀水平下,施氮提高了成熟期胡麻叶片中氮含量,N₆₀和N₁₂₀较N₀高39.7%和26.9%。水氮对胡麻阶段氮素积累量影响的耦合效应主要表现在现蕾期以后,同一灌水水平下,N₆₀促进了胡麻现蕾期以后各阶段氮素积累量,而N₁₂₀具有抑制作用。施氮分别提高了I₁₂₀₀和I₁₈₀₀水平下叶片和茎秆氮素转运率和贡献率。灌水1800 m³·hm^-2、施氮60 kg·hm^-2显著增加了胡麻单株有效蒴果数和籽粒产量(6.6%~22.8%),是试验区比较适宜的水氮耦合管理模式。

Abstract: A completely random split zone experiment with irrigation as main plots and nitrogen application rate as sub-plots was carried out to examine the optimal water-nitrogen coupling mode for oil flax planting in dryland. There were three irrigation levels, no irrigation (0 m³·hm^-2,I₀), irrigation at 1200 m³·hm^-2(I₁₂₀₀) and at 1800 m³·hm^-2(I₁₈₀₀); and three nitrogen application rates, no nitrogen (0 kg N·hm^-2, N₀), 60 kg·N hm^-2(N₆₀) and 120 kg·N hm^-2(N₁₂₀). We investigated nitrogen accumulation content at different growth stages, nitrogen transport characteristics after anthesis, grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of oil flax. Results showed that the coupling effects of water and nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake in different organs, nitrogen accumulation during different growth stages and grain yield of dry land oil flax varied greatly. Under no irrigation, nitrogen application was beneficial to stem nitrogen absorption at anthesis and maturity stages, but 120 kg N·hm^-2 inhibited it at different irrigation levels. At the 1200 m³·hm^-2(I₁₂₀₀) irrigation level, foliar nitrogen content at anthesis stage increased first and then decreased with increasing nitrogen rates, and N₆₀ increased foliar nitrogen content by 11.0% and 28.9% respectively compared with N₀ and N₁₂₀. At the 1800 m³·hm^-2(I₁₈₀₀) irrigation level, nitrogen application increased foliar nitrogen content at maturity stage, with that in N₆₀ and N₁₂₀ treatments being 39.7% and 26.9% higher than N₀, respectively. The effects of water-nitrogen coupling on nitrogen accumulation in different growth stages of oil flax was mainly shown after budding stage. Under the same irrigation level, N₆₀ promoted and N₁₂₀ inhibited nitrogen accumulation in each stage after budding. Nitrogen application increased nitrogen transport rate and contribution rate of leaves and stems under I₁₂₀₀ and I₁₈₀₀. The coupling of I₁₈₀₀ and N₆₀ significantly increased the number of effective capsules per plant and grain yield of oil flax (6.6%-22.8%), which was a suitable water-nitrogen coupling management mode in this area.

崔政军, 刘栋, 吴兵, 剡斌, 马俊, 赵邦庆, 高玉红, 牛俊义. 水氮耦合对旱地胡麻产量形成与花后氮素积累转运的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 909-918.

CUI Zheng-jun, LIU Dong, WU Bing, YAN Bin, MA Jun, ZHAO Bang-qing, GAO Yu-hong, NIU Jun-yi. Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on grain yield formation and nitrogen accumulation, transportation of oil flax in dryland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(3): 909-918.

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水氮耦合对旱地胡麻产量形成与花后氮素积累转运的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on grain yield formation and nitrogen accumulation, transportation of oil flax in dryland

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