免耕覆盖及有机肥施用对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202003.039

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 890-898.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202003.039

免耕覆盖及有机肥施用对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

王小玲^1,2,3, 马琨^1*, 伏云珍¹, 汪志琴^1,2, 安嫄嫄²

¹宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021;
²宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021;
³中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

收稿日期:2019-08-26 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-15
通讯作者: E-mail: makun0411@nxu.edu.cn
作者简介:王小玲, 女, 1993年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农业生态学研究。E-mail: 928176524@qq.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31660132,31160104)、宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017B06)和宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018BBF03002)资助

Effects of no-tillage, mulching, and organic fertilization on soil fungal community composition and diversity

WANG Xiao-ling^1,2,3, MA Kun¹, FU Yun-zhen¹, WANG Zhi-qin^1,2, AN Yuan-yuan²

¹Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
²College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
³Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2019-08-26 Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-15
Contact: E-mail: makun0411@nxu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660132, 31160104), the First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Colleges and Universities in Ningxia (NXYLXK2017B06) and the Key Research and Development Project of Ningxia (2018BBF03002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示土壤真菌群落对免耕、覆盖及有机肥施用的响应机制,在宁夏南部山区冬小麦农田连续3年采用免耕覆盖+施有机肥(NF)、免耕覆盖+不施有机肥(NC)、传统耕作不覆盖+施有机肥(TF)和传统耕作不覆盖+不施有机肥(TC)4个处理,依托Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序平台,研究了土壤真菌群落组成、多样性及其与土壤环境因子间的关系。结果表明: 4个处理共获得3490个可操作分类单元(OTUs),其中含有一些未知真菌。在已知的真菌群落中,子囊菌门和担子菌门为优势菌门,其相对丰度占总丰度的82.1%～94.2%,且TF处理下子囊菌门座囊菌纲的相对丰度最高,NF处理下担子菌门银耳菌纲的相对丰度最高。4个处理真菌群落多样性指数(Shannon和Simpson指数)依次为NC>TC>NF>TF。多元分析结果表明,微生物生物量碳是影响担子菌门和接合菌门相对丰度的主要因素,而土壤全磷、速效钾和速效磷含量高低是驱动子囊菌门真菌相对丰度变化的关键因素。在宁夏南部山区推广以免耕覆盖并施用有机肥的保护性耕作措施有利于提高土壤真菌群落多样性。

Abstract: We examined the responses of soil fungal community to no-tillage, mulching, and organic fertilization by setting up different treatments for three years in winter wheat land in mountain areas of southern Ningxia, including no-tillage, mulching and organic fertilization (NF), no-tillage, mulching and no organic fertilization (NC), conventional tillage without mulching and organic fertilization (TF), and conventional tillage without mulching and no organic fertilization (TC). Based on Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform, the relationship between the composition and diversity of soil fungal community and soil environmental factors were examined. A total of 3490 fungal OTUs were obtained from four treatments, which included some unidentified or unknown fungi. In the identified ones, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phylum, contributing to 82.1%-94.2% of the total abundance. The relative abundance of Dothideomycetes from Ascomycota was the highest under TF, while that of Tremellomycetes from Basidiomycota was highest under NF. Both Shannon and Simpson indices of soil fungal community were in order of NC>TC>NF>TF. The results of multivariate analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon was the main factor affecting the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Zygomycotabased at the phylum level, while soil total phosphorus, available potassium, and available phosphorus were key factors driving the changes of relative abundance of Ascomycota. Therefore, popularizing of conservation tillage based on the no-tillage, mulching and organic fertilization technology would be beneficial to the diversity of soil fungal community in mountainou areas of southern Ningxia.

王小玲, 马琨, 伏云珍, 汪志琴, 安嫄嫄. 免耕覆盖及有机肥施用对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(3): 890-898.

WANG Xiao-ling, MA Kun, FU Yun-zhen, WANG Zhi-qin, AN Yuan-yuan. Effects of no-tillage, mulching, and organic fertilization on soil fungal community composition and diversity[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(3): 890-898.

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免耕覆盖及有机肥施用对土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

Effects of no-tillage, mulching, and organic fertilization on soil fungal community composition and diversity

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