生境质量对城镇化的时空响应——以长春市为例

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.012

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 1267-1277.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.012

生境质量对城镇化的时空响应——以长春市为例

白立敏¹, 冯兴华^2*, 孙瑞丰¹, 高翯¹

¹吉林建筑大学建筑与规划学院, 长春 130118;
²江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室/地理与环境学院, 南昌 330022

收稿日期:2019-11-08 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: fengxh372@nenu.edu.cn
作者简介:白立敏, 女, 1979年生, 博士。主要从事生态安全、生态韧性及生态安全格局优化相关研究。E-mail: sunblm123@163.com
基金资助:
吉林省社会科学基金项目(2017BS56,2018JD8)、吉林省教育厅科研项目(JJKH20200266KJ)和吉林建筑大学博士科研启动基金项目(长春市生态韧性评估及优化研究)资助

Spatial and temporal responses of habitat quality to urbanization: A case study of Changchun City, Jilin Province, China

BAI Li-min¹, FENG Xing-hua^2*, SUN Rui-feng¹, GAO He¹

¹School of Architecture and Planning, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China;
²Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.

Received:2019-11-08 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-20
Contact: *E-mail: fengxh372@nenu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Social Science Fund of Jilin (2017BS56,2018JD8), the Research Project of Jilin Province Education Department (JJKH20200266KJ) and the PhD Research Startup Fund Project of Jilin Jianzhu University (Ecological Resilience Evaluation and Optimization Study of Changchun).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生境质量是评价区域生态安全的重要指标,掌握其对城镇化发展的时空响应,有利于新型城镇化的深入推行。本研究基于土地利用数据,在综合利用空间分析及生态模型分析基础上,从网格尺度对长春市景观格局、生境质量及其样带进行时空特征分析,并进一步探讨生境质量在城镇化发展过程中的响应状况。结果表明: 长春市景观斑块密度、边缘密度及Shannon多样性指数低值多分布在西部平原地带,聚合度指数高值区则在市域东部及南部呈现片状格局。2000—2015年,长春市生境质量呈退化趋势且空间异质性显著,大致呈现出“东高西低”分布态势,建设用地扩张及交通基础设施建设对区域生境质量退化起到主导作用;不同样带内生境质量变化存在显著差异性,水域整体变化相对较小,而山脉、城市扩张及交通的变化频度及幅度处于较高水平。坡度及高程等自然因素基本塑造了长春市生境质量整体分布格局,而人口密度、国内生产总值、夜间灯光指数等城镇化要素与生境质量总体呈负相关关系。为缓解城镇化带来的生态压力、促进生境质量的回升,本研究提出防止大黑山脉林区滥砍乱伐、以生态手段修复生境退化地区,提升城镇建成区土地利用效率、促进城镇“精明增长”,设定丘陵地带耕地红线、加强生态基础设施建设等差异化发展策略。

Abstract: Habitat quality is an important index to evaluate regional ecological security. Revealing its spatial and temporal responses to urbanization is conducive to the in-depth implementation of new urbanization. Based on land use data, we analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of Changchun’s landscape pattern, habitat quality and its sample zone from the grid scale with comprehensive utilization of spatial analysis and ecological model analysis. We further discussed the responses of habitat quality during urbanization. The results showed that the low values of patch density (PD), edge density (ED) and Shannon diversity index (SHDI) were distributed in the western plains, while the high aggregation index (AI) showed a patchy distribution in eastern and southern of the city. During 2000-2015, the habitat quality of Changchun showed a trend of degradation and significant spatial heterogeneity, showing a distribution of “high in the east, and low in the west”. The expansion of construction land and the transportation infrastructure played a leading role in the degradation of regional habitat quality. The changes of habitat quality differed significantly in different zones. The overall variation of water belt was relatively small, while the variation frequency and amplitude of mountain, urban expansion, and traffic belt were relatively high. Natural factors including slope and elevation basically shaped the overall distribution pattern of habitat quality in Changchun, while urbanization factors including population density, GDP and night light index showed significant negative correlation with habitat quality. To alleviate the ecological pressure of urbanization and promote habitat quality, we proposed differentiated development strategies, such as preventing deforestation in the Dahei Mountains, using ecological strategies to restore habitat degradation areas, improving land use efficiency in built-up urban areas, promoting “smart growth” in urban areas, setting red line of farmland in hilly areas, and strengthening ecological infrastructure construction.

白立敏, 冯兴华, 孙瑞丰, 高翯. 生境质量对城镇化的时空响应——以长春市为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(4): 1267-1277.

BAI Li-min, FENG Xing-hua, SUN Rui-feng, GAO He. Spatial and temporal responses of habitat quality to urbanization: A case study of Changchun City, Jilin Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(4): 1267-1277.

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生境质量对城镇化的时空响应——以长春市为例

Spatial and temporal responses of habitat quality to urbanization: A case study of Changchun City, Jilin Province, China

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