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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1875-1881.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.029

• 稳定同位素生态学专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

结果初期黄冠梨对春施15N-尿素的吸收、分配与利用

孙明德, 武阳, 梁振旭, 田海青, 赵艳艳, 杜瑞瑞, 刘军, 刘松忠*   

  1. 北京市林业果树科学研究院, 北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心, 农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-30 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: szliu1978@163.com
  • 作者简介:孙明德, 男, 1967年生, 副研究员。主要从事梨肥水高效利用研究。E-mail: 13521361007@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD16B03)、国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000102)和北京市农林科学院科技创新项目(KJCX20170111,KJCX20180701)资助

Nitrogen uptake, distribution, and utilization in young bearing Huangguan pear trees under 15N-urea application in spring

SUN Ming-de, WU Yang, LIANG Zhen-xu, TIAN Hai-qing, ZHAO Yan-yan, DU Rui-rui, LIU Jun, LIU Song-zhong*   

  1. Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in North China, Beijing 100093, China
  • Received:2019-12-30 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: szliu1978@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan (2014BAD16B03), the National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFD1000102) and the Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Program of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (KJCX20170111, KJCX20180701).

摘要: 以3年生黄冠梨为材料,探讨了早春施用15N尿素后,树体在萌芽期-新梢缓慢生长期和新梢缓慢生长期-果实成熟期对氮素的吸收、分配与利用特性。结果表明: 梨树在萌芽期-新梢缓慢生长期主要以新梢和叶片等营养器官生长为核心;在新梢缓慢生长期-果实成熟期则以根系等贮藏器官生长为主,果实产量品质形成为辅,且树体尤其是贮藏器官的生物量成倍增加。由于各器官尤其是新梢和叶片生长旺盛、新梢缓慢生长期吸收的标记氮量相对较多,各器官吸收的肥料氮(Ndff)值相对较高;果实成熟期除粗根外各器官的Ndff值均低于新梢缓慢生长期。萌芽期到新梢缓慢生长期吸收的标记氮主要分配在新梢和叶片营养器官中,新梢缓慢生长期到果实成熟期吸收的标记氮则主要分配在贮藏器官中;整个生育期间,植株吸收的标记氮在贮藏器官中分配率最高,营养器官次之,生殖器官中分配率最低。3年生梨树从萌芽期-新梢缓慢生长期、新梢缓慢生长期-果实成熟期吸收的肥料氮分别占当年总吸氮量的31.1%和21.0%,而两个时期内吸收的土壤氮占比分别达68.9%和79.0%。

Abstract: We investigated the characteristics of nitrogen uptake, distribution, and utilization in the three-year-old bearing Huangguan pear trees following 15N-urea application in early spring. The results showed that the growth of pear trees was mainly depended on vegetative organs such as shoots and leaves at the stage from budbreak to shoot growth arrest, but mainly on storage organs (roots) and supplemented by the formation of fruit yield and quality at the stage from shoot growth arrest stage to fruit harvest. Meanwhile, tree biomass, especially that storage organs, substantially increased. All organs, especially newly developed shoots and leaves, acquired more N in shoot growth arrest stage due to vigorous growth, with relatively higher N derived from fertilizer (Ndff). Ndff of each organ except for root was lower at fruit maturity stage than that at shoot growth stage. Most of the labeled nitrogen was distributed in the newly developed organs (shoots and leaves) from budbreak to shoot growth arrest stage, but in the storage organs during shoot growth arrest stage to fruit maturity stage. Labeled fertilizer nitrogen was mainly distributed in the storage organs, followed by the vegetative organs. Reproductive organs had the lowest allocation in the experimental stage. For the three-years-old pear trees, the ratio of absorbed N from fertilizer was responsible for 31.1% and 21.0% of total absorbed nitrogen from budbreak to shoot growth arrest stage and from shoot growth arrest stage to fruit maturity stage, respectively, with the remaining N (68.9% and 79.0% of total) being absorbed from soil N.