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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 2604-2612.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.021

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节水轻简栽培模式下增密减氮对双季稻田温室气体排放的影响

周文涛, 龙文飞, 毛燕, 王勃然, 龙攀, 徐莹, 傅志强*   

  1. 湖南农业大学农学院, 农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测实验站, 长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-29 修回日期:2020-05-07 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2021-02-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zqf_cis@126.com
  • 作者简介:周文涛, 女, 1996年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事稻田碳氮循环研究。E-mail: 1250171795@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41571293)、国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301003,2017YFD0300410)和湖南省重点研发计划项目(2016NK2125)资助

Effects of increased planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emission in double-season rice fields under water saving and simple cultivation mode

ZHOU Wen-tao, LONG Wen-fei, MAO Yan, WANG Bo-ran, LONG Pan, XU Ying, FU Zhi-qiang*   

  1. Crop Cultivation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station in Central China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • Received:2019-11-29 Revised:2020-05-07 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2021-02-15
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571293), the National Key Research and Deve-lopment Program of China (2018YFD0301003, 2017YFD0300410), and the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (2016NK2125).

摘要: 为了明确节水轻简栽培模式下增密减氮对双季稻田温室气体排放的影响,以陆两优996(早稻)和丰源优299(晚稻)为材料,使用密闭静态箱法收集温室气体,监测早晚稻不同增密减氮组合CH4和N2O的排放动态,探讨不同增密减氮措施对早晚稻田CH4和N2O的累积排放量、全球增温潜势(GWP)、排放强度(GHGI)的影响。结果表明: 不同增密减氮组合间的CH4、N2O累积排放量差异显著。与对照(CK)相比,增密减氮组合IR2(早稻施氮量为86.4 kg·hm-2,密度为36万穴·hm-2;晚稻施氮量为108 kg·hm-2,密度为32万穴·hm-2)的CH4累积排放量、GWP、GHGI两季平均分别降低了50.8%、37.3%、42.9%;早稻IR2的N2O累积排放量最低,降低了33.7%,晚稻以IR1(早稻施氮量为103.2 kg·hm-2,密度为32万穴·hm-2;晚稻施氮量为129 kg·hm-2,密度为28万穴·hm-2)的N2O累积排放量最低,降低了94.9%;稻田周年温室效应(总GWP、GHGI)仍以IR2最低。与其他增密减氮处理相比,早晚氮肥均减少28.0%、早稻密度增加28.6%、晚稻密度增加33.3%(IR2)既可保证高产,又可减少温室气体排放。

关键词: 增密减氮, 甲烷, 氧化亚氮, 稻田, 双季稻

Abstract: To clarify the effects of increased density and reduced nitrogen on greenhouse gas emission in double-season paddy fields under the water-saving and simple cultivation mode, we used Luliangyou 996 (early rice) and Fengyuanyou 299 (late rice) as materials to collect greenhouse gas by closed static box method, monitored the dynamics of CH4 and N2O emissions from different combinations of increased density and reduced nitrogen for early and late rice, and explored changes in cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) as affected by different combinations of increased density and reduced nitrogen from double-season rice fields. The results showed that the cumulative emissions of CH4 and N2O from different combinations were significantly different. Compared with the control (CK), cumulative CH4 emission, GWP and GHGI in the two seasons decreased by 50.8%, 37.3%, and 42.9% for the combination of increased density and reduced nitrogen IR2(the amount of nitrogen applied of early rice was 86.4 kg·hm-2, the density was 360000 holes·hm-2; the amount of nitrogen applied of late rice was 108 kg·hm-2, the density was 320000 holes·hm-2), respectively. IR2 of early rice had the lowest N2O cumulative emission, being 33.7% lower than CK. IR1(the amount of nitrogen applied of early rice was 103.2 kg·hm-2, the density was 320000 holes·hm-2; the amount of nitrogen applied of late rice was 129 kg·hm-2, the density was 280000 holes·hm-2) of late rice had the lowest N2O cumulative emission, being decreased by 94.9%. IR2 had the lowest annual total GWP and GHGI of double-season paddy fields. Compared with other treatments of increased density and reduced nitrogen, the IR2 treatment, where nitrogen fertilizer in both early and late rice was reduced by 28.0%, the density of early rice was increased by 28.6%, and the density of late rice was increased by 33.3%, was an effective and safe option for simultaneously ensuring high yield and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: dense planting with less nitrogen application, methane, nitrous oxide, rice field, double-season rice