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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 211-221.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.029

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生育期土壤基质势调控对棉花生长和土壤水盐分布的影响

成厚亮1,2, 张富仓1,2, 李萌1,2, 郑文慧1,2, 肖超1,2, 李越鹏1,2   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-23 接受日期:2020-11-19 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:成厚亮, 男, 1994年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究。 E-mail: Chenghouliang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403303)和国家自然科学基金项目(51979231)

Effects of soil matrix potential regulation at various growth states on cotton growth and soil water and salt distribution

CHENG Hou-liang1,2, ZHANG Fu-cang1,2, LI Meng1,2, ZHENG Wen-hui1,2, XIAO Chao1,2, LI Yue-peng1,2   

  1. 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas,Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2020-07-23 Accepted:2020-11-19 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-07-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0403303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51979231).

摘要: 针对南疆地区水资源短缺和棉田土壤盐碱化问题,研究不同生育期土壤基质势调控对棉花生长和土壤水盐的影响,为棉田节水控盐和高效生产提供理论依据。通过大田膜下滴灌试验,以棉花灌水时期滴头下方20 cm处土壤基质势下限控制水平-50 kPa为对照(CK),在棉花的苗期(A)、苗期+蕾期(B)、苗期+蕾期+花铃期(C)设置3个基于土壤基质势下限的灌溉水平:W1(-20 kPa)、W2(-30 kPa)和W3(-40 kPa),测定棉花生长、地上干物质量、产量和土壤水盐分布等指标。结果表明:不同生育期土壤基质势调控时,株高、叶面积指数和地上干物质量均表现为:WC>WB>WA>CK;不同土壤基质势水平调控时,随着土壤基质势下限的提高,株高、叶面积指数和地上干物质量也随之增加,其中,W1C和W2C处理显著高于其他处理。有效铃数、单铃重和衣分等产量构成要素均随着土壤基质势下限的升高而增加。W1C和W2C处理棉花的产量基本一致且显著高于其他处理,W2C的水分利用效率显著高于W1C处理。不同生育期土壤基质势均控制在-20或-30 kPa可以改善棉花主根区水分状况。各处理在收获期均表现为浅层积盐(0~40 cm),且膜外大于膜内;土壤基质势越高,膜内主根区(0~40 cm)积盐越少,其中W1C和W2C较其他处理减少24%。综合考虑高效生产和节水控盐,建议将当地休作期未淋洗棉田灌水时期土壤基质势控制在-30 kPa为宜。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 土壤基质势, 棉花生长, 土壤水盐

Abstract: Water shortage and soil salinization are two main limiting factors for cotton production in southern Xinjiang. We examined the effects of soil matrix potential (SMP) regulation at various growth stages on cotton growth, soil water and salt distribution, to provide theoretical basis for water saving, salts control, and efficient production in cotton fields. The mulched drip irrigation experiments were conducted to monitor cotton growth, aboveground biomass, cotton yield, soil water and salt distribution and other indicators. Three SMP thresholds, i.e.,W1(-20 kPa), W2(-30 kPa) and W3(-40 kPa) were set at the seedling stage (A), seedling stage + budding stage (B), and seedling stage + budding stage + flowering stage (C), with SMP of -50 kPa at 20 cm soil depth below the emitter as the CK. The results showed that plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass followed the order of WC>WB>WA>CK, when SMP were changed at various growth stages. Plant height, LAI and aboveground biomass increased with increasing SMP thresholds, with the values under W1C and W2C being significantly higher than the other treatments. The effective bolls per plant, single boll weight and lint percentage all increased with the increases of SMP thresholds. The yields of W1C and W2C were similar, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. However, the water use efficiency of W2C was significantly higher than that of W1C. Controlling the SMP threshold at -20 or -30 kPa at different growth stages could improve soil moisture status of the primary cotton root zone. All treatments presented shallow salt accumulation (0-40 cm) at the harvest stage, with the bare land having greater salt accumulation than the inner film. The higher the SMP threshold was, the less salt was accumulated in the primary root zone (0-40 cm) under film. The salt accumulation (0-40 cm) under W1C and W2C were reduced by 24% compared with other treatments. Considering the efficient production of cotton, water saving and salt control, it was recommended to maintain the SMP threshold of -30 kPa during irrigation at various growth stages in cotton fields without leaching salts during the local off-crop period.

Key words: mulched drip irrigation, soil matrix potential, cotton growth, soil water and salt