开封市城市水系微生境特征对两栖动物多样性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 两栖类生物生活史独特对环境变化极其敏感,是环境变化的重要指示物种。开封城市水系的建设直接影响两栖类生物栖息地与两栖类生物多样性。本研究通过设置样线,采用目视遇测法对开封市水系中的两栖类生物进行调查,并采集相应的生境因子变量。采用Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数研究了不同生境类型下两栖类生物多样性特征,运用聚类分析与冗余分析探究了无尾两栖类对微生境因子的响应特征。结果表明: 在开封水系中,自然驳岸两栖类生物的多样性、均匀度以及优势度均大于两种人工硬化驳岸,表明两栖动物种群在自然生境中稳定性较好,自然驳岸两栖类生物的优势度指数大于两种人工硬化驳岸,两栖类生物生境选择偏向于自然生境;黑斑侧褶蛙与中华蟾蜍的丰富度和夜间光照强度呈显著正相关,金线侧褶蛙与总磷呈显著正相关,泽陆蛙与水体pH值呈显著正相关。开封城市水系建设考虑两栖类生物保护,河渠建设中增加自然驳岸,对提升开封市两栖类生物多样性具有重要意义。

关键词: 城市水系, 两栖类生物, 生物多样性, 微生境因子, 开封市

Abstract: Amphibians with a unique life history are extremely sensitive to environmental changes. They are important indicator species for environmental change. The construction of Kaifeng water system affects the habitat and biodiversity of amphibians. In this study, we investigated the amphi-bians in water system of Kaifeng by setting sample points and using visual encounter method, and measured the habitat variables. We quantified amphibian biodiversity under different habitat types using the Shannon diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index, and explored the responses of amphibians to microhabitat variations by cluster analysis and redundancy analysis. The results showed that the diversity, evenness, and dominance of amphibians in the natural revetment were higher than those in the artificial hardened revetment, indicating a more stable amphibian population in the natural habitat. The dominance index of amphibians on natural revetment was higher than that of the two artificially hardened revetments, indicating that amphibians preferred natural habitat. The abundance of both Palophylax nigromaculata and Bufo gargarizans had significant positive correlation with night light intensity, while the abundance of P. plancyi was positively correlated with total phosphorus, and that of Fejervarya limnocharis was positively correlated with water pH. The protection of amphibians should be considered in the construction of urban water system in Kaifeng. The presence of more natural revetment would be of great significance to enhance amphibian biodiversity.

Key words: urban water system, amphibians, biodiversity, microhabitat factor, Kaifeng

彭莉, 梁国付, 求朋威. 开封市城市水系微生境特征对两栖动物多样性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2597-2603.

PENG Li, LIANG Guo-fu, QIU Peng-wei. Effects of microhabitat characteristics on amphibian diversity in urban water system of Kaifeng, Henan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(7): 2597-2603.

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