全氟辛酸在沉积物-水界面污染及吸附迁移行为研究进展

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一种重要的全氟化表面活性剂,具有环境持久性、高毒性和生物累积性等特征,成为当前备受关注的新污染物。沉积物是PFOA的重要环境储蓄库,被污染后的沉积物可作为长期污染源造成上覆地表水及周边地下水污染。本文结合近年来国内外研究,对地表水和沉积物中PFOA的来源、污染现状和界面吸附迁移行为进行了综述。结果表明: 地表水体和沉积物中PFOA最主要的污染来源为工业废水排放。全球范围地表水体和沉积物中PFOA污染水平普遍为ng·g^-1和ng·L^-1数量级,且国内部分地区污染形势更为严峻。沉积物组分、水化学条件、有机质及表面活性剂等因素均影响沉积物中PFOA的吸附行为,但目前在吸附主控机制方面仍然存在争议。沉积物中PFOA迁移行为的研究正处于起步阶段,相关报导还较为缺乏,对于迁移机理的认识还很不足,今后需在该方面加大研究力度。

关键词: 全氟化合物, 沉积物, 地表水体, 污染生态, 界面行为

Abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an important perfluorinated surfactant, which has received great attention as an emerging pollutant, due to its persistence, high toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Sediment is an important environmental reservoir for PFOA, while polluted sediment can serve as a long-term contamination source causing pollution to overlying surface water and surrounding groundwater. Here, the source, pollution level, adsorption and transport of PFOA at the sediment-water interface were systematically reviewed. Industrial discharge was the major release for PFOA entering surface water and sediment. PFOA was generally at ng·L^-1 and ng·g^-1 levels in global surface water and sediment. More serious pollution was found in some parts of China. Sediment composition, hadrochemical condition, natural organic matter, and surfactants could strongly affect PFOA adsorption in sediment, though the controlling mechanisms were controversial. Research on PFOA transport in sediment had just been started with limited progress. There is a great gap in understanding the mechanisms underlying PFOA transport in sediment, which should be strengthened in the future.

Key words: poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), sediment, surface water, pollution eco-logy, interfacial behavior.

吕雪艳,孙媛媛,于志国,吴吉春. 全氟辛酸在沉积物-水界面污染及吸附迁移行为研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(11): 4147-4155.

LYU Xue-yan, SUN Yuan-yuan, YU Zhi-guo, WU Ji-chun. Research progress on the pollution, adsorption, and transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA ) at the sediment-water interface[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(11): 4147-4155.

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