南京城市街区湿球温度时空变化特征及其影响因子

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.012

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 4223-4236.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.012

南京城市街区湿球温度时空变化特征及其影响因子

卢阳^1,2, 杨亦辰³, 吴昕燃², 王磊⁴, 万梓文^1,2, 郑哲俊⁵, 徐家平⁶, 曹畅^1,2*

¹南京信息工程大学大气环境中心, 南京 210044;
²南京信息工程大学应用气象学院, 南京 210044;
³耶鲁大学环境学院, 美国纽黑文06511;
⁴南京信息工程大学化学与材料学院, 南京 210044;
⁵朝鲜元山农业大学农学院, 朝鲜元山 999093;
⁶江苏省气候中心, 南京 210009

收稿日期:2021-02-25 修回日期:2021-09-17 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2022-06-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: chang.cao@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:卢阳, 男, 1994年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事城市气候研究。E-mail: 543284069@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0607202)、国家自然科学基金项目(42005143,41475108)、江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20180796,BK20181100)和河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室开放研究基金项目(Z201901H)资助

Spatiotemporal variations of wet-bulb temperature and its impact factors of Nanjing urban neighborhood

LU Yang^1,2, YANG Yi-chen³, WU Xin-ran², WANG Lei⁴, WAN Zi-wen^1,2, ZHENG Zhe-jun⁵, XU Jia-ping⁶, CAO Chang^1,2*

¹Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
²School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
³School of Environment, Yale University, New Haven 06511, USA;
⁴School of Chemistry and Materials, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
⁵School of Agriculture, Wonsan Agricultural College, Wonsan 999093, North Korea;
⁶Jiangsu Climate Center, Nanjing 210009, China

Received:2021-02-25 Revised:2021-09-17 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2022-06-15
Contact: *E-mail: chang.cao@nuist.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0607202), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42005143, 41475108), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20180796, BK20181100), and Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province (Z201901H)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球气候变化和局地城市热岛加剧了城市热胁迫问题,但针对城市街区的研究仍不多见。湿球温度指示气温和湿度的综合效应,能更准确地反映人体热舒适度。本研究以南京市江北新区为对象,在不同时段、季节和天空状况下,基于移动观测方法获取气温、相对湿度和地理信息等数据,分析了街区尺度湿球温度的时空分布特征;结合天空状况、地表覆盖和城市形态指标(天穹可见度),探究了城市街区湿球温度的影响机制。结果表明: 1)南京城市街区湿球温度的时空特征与气温较为一致;与水汽压相比,气温对湿球温度的变化起主导作用;该地区湿球温度的极端高值主要是由于气温和水汽压协同增长所致。2)天穹可见度在白天与湿球温度呈显著正相关,夜间为负相关关系。植被覆盖比率的增加能够降低湿球温度,不透水面则呈现相反的作用。阴天条件下,湿球温度明显降低并且空间分布更均匀。3)植被和不透水面对湿球温度的水平尺度效应存在昼夜和季节差异,并且在夜间这一效应对天空状况更敏感;与植被相比,冬季夜间不透水面的影响范围比夏、秋季更大;两者对湿球温度的水平尺度效应与气温一致。研究结果可为改善和优化城市街区热环境、缓解城市热胁迫提供有效的科学支持和理论依据。

关键词: 城市街区, 湿球温度, 天穹可见度, 植被覆盖比率, 不透水面比率

Abstract: Global climate change and local urban heat islands enhance urban heat stress. Studies focused at the urban neighborhood scale are limited. Wet-bulb temperature represents the combined effects of both temperature and humidity, and therefore can more accurately reflect human thermal comfort. In this study, air temperature, relative humidity and geographic information of different times, seasons, and sky conditions of the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area were obtained based on mobile measurements. The spatiotemporal variation of wet-bulb temperature at the urban neighborhood scale and the effects of sky conditions, land cover and urban morphology (sky view factor, SVF) were further analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the spatiotemporal variations of wet-bulb temperature at the Nanjing urban neighborhood scale were consistent with that of air temperature. Compared with vapor pressure, air temperature played a dominant role. The extremely high values of wet-bulb temperature in this area were mostly caused by the synergy between air temperature and vapor pressure. 2) The correlation between SVF and wet-bulb temperature was significantly positive in the daytime and negative at night. An increase in the vegetation fraction could reduce wet-bulb temperature, while impervious surfaces had the opposite effect. The wet-bulb temperature significantly decreased and its spatial distribution was much more homogeneous under overcast sky conditions. 3) The horizontal scale effect showed diurnal and seasonal differences and was more sensitive to sky conditions during nighttime than during daytime. Compared with vegetation, the horizontal effect of impervious surfaces was much larger in winter than in the other two seasons. The horizontal scale effects of vege-tation and impervious surfaces on wet-bulb temperature were similar to those of air temperature. These results could provide effective scientific support and a theoretical basis for improving and optimizing the thermal environment of urban neighborhoods, as well as alleviating urban heat stress.

Key words: urban neighborhood scale, wet-bulb temperature, sky view factor, vegetation fraction, impervious surface fraction

卢阳, 杨亦辰, 吴昕燃, 王磊, 万梓文, 郑哲俊, 徐家平, 曹畅. 南京城市街区湿球温度时空变化特征及其影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(12): 4223-4236.

LU Yang, YANG Yi-chen, WU Xin-ran, WANG Lei, WAN Zi-wen, ZHENG Zhe-jun, XU Jia-ping, CAO Chang. Spatiotemporal variations of wet-bulb temperature and its impact factors of Nanjing urban neighborhood[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(12): 4223-4236.

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南京城市街区湿球温度时空变化特征及其影响因子

Spatiotemporal variations of wet-bulb temperature and its impact factors of Nanjing urban neighborhood

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