华山松球果对食种子动物的防御特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.031

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1693-1698.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.031

华山松球果对食种子动物的防御特征

丰大林¹, 于晶晶², 渠畅³, 郑骄阳⁴, 王忠斌², 宗诚^1*

¹东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院, 哈尔滨 150040;
²西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院, 西藏林芝 860000;
³生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210000;
⁴南京大学环境规划设计研究院集团股份公司, 南京 211500

收稿日期:2021-07-12 接受日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-12-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: moredonkey@163.com
作者简介:丰大林, 男, 1998年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事动植物互惠共生关系研究。E-mail: F_Dalin1998@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31772469)资助。

Defensive characteristics of cones of Pinus armandii against seed-eating animals

FENG Da-lin¹,YU Jing-jing², QU Chang³, ZHENG Jiao-yang⁴, WANG Zhong-bin², ZONG Cheng^1*

¹College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
²College of Resource and Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, China;
³Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210000, China;
⁴Academy of Environmental Planning & Design,Co.,Ltd., Nanjing University, Nanjing 211500, China

Received:2021-07-12 Accepted:2022-03-15 Published:2022-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动植物协同演化过程中,植物为抵御捕食者的侵害,保证自身的生存和繁衍,会演化出不同方式的防御机制。本研究调查了星鸦对藏东南地区华山松弯曲球果上不同部位种子取食的差异性,并检测了华山松球果凹凸面种子的形态特征(长度、宽度、厚度、种壳厚度)和成分(粗水分、70 ℃干物质、粗脂肪、灰分、蛋白质、粗纤维)含量。结果表明: 华山松球果凹凸两面种子的部分形态特征和种子成分具有显著差异,其中,凸面种子种壳厚度(1.11±0.12 mm)比凹面种子(1.07±0.15 mm)厚,但种仁重占比凸面(24.0%)比凹面(25.4%)小。而凸面种子空壳率(11.2%)和种子成分中粗脂肪含量(47.0%)显著低于凹面种子(分别是15.8%和50.5%)。华山松弯曲球果对食种子动物取食造成错误性暗示,尽可能保护优质种子不被取食,因此球果弯曲是华山松对食种子动物的防御特征。

关键词: 华山松, 弯曲球果, 星鸦, 防御机制, 藏东南

Abstract: During the co-evolution with animals, plants evolved different defense strategies to resist predators and ensure their own survival and reproduction. We investigated the forging preference of nutcrackers (Nucifraga caryocatactes) for seeds in different parts of bending Pinus armandii cones in Southeast Tibet. We measured the morphological characteristics (length, width, thickness, and seed hull thickness) and the physical and chemical properties of concave and convex seeds of P. armandii (crude water, dry-matter at 70 ℃, crude fat, ash, protein and crude fiber). The results showed that there were significant differences in seed shell thickness, kernel percentage and empty shell percentage between the concave and convex seeds. The seed shell thickness of convex seeds (1.11±0.12 mm) was thicker than that of concave seeds (1.07±0.15 mm). The kernel weight percentage of convex seeds (24.0%) was smaller than that of concave seeds (25.4%). The empty shell percentage (11.2%), crude fat content (47.0%) of convex seeds were significantly lower than that of concave seeds (15.8% and 50.5%). The curving cones of P. armandii cause false hints to seed eaters, and protect high-quality seeds from being eaten as much as possible. Therefore, the curving cone is a defensive characteristics of P. armandii against seed predators.

Key words: Pinus armandii, bending cone, nutcracker, defense mechanism, Southeast Tibet

丰大林, 于晶晶, 渠畅, 郑骄阳, 王忠斌, 宗诚. 华山松球果对食种子动物的防御特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(6): 1693-1698.

FENG Da-lin,YU Jing-jing, QU Chang, ZHENG Jiao-yang, WANG Zhong-bin, ZONG Cheng. Defensive characteristics of cones of Pinus armandii against seed-eating animals[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(6): 1693-1698.

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华山松球果对食种子动物的防御特征

Defensive characteristics of cones of Pinus armandii against seed-eating animals

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