茶园氧化亚氮排放研究进展

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202303.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶园土壤是温室气体氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放的重要来源,且茶园土壤中施肥诱导的N₂O排放系数远大于旱地农田。针对全球茶园的特点和N₂O排放研究现状,本文综合分析了茶园N₂O排放特征、产生过程、影响因素及减排措施。全球茶园土壤N₂O背景排放量平均为(2.68±2.92) kg N·hm^-2,氮肥施用后N₂O平均排放量为(11.29±9.45) kg N·hm^-2。化肥诱导的N₂O排放系数为2.2%±2.1%,远高于IPCC估算的农田N₂O排放系数(1%)。茶园土壤是典型的酸性土壤,N₂O产生主要包括硝化和反硝化过程,其中反硝化作用占主导。茶园土壤N₂O排放主要与施肥量有关,此外,施肥种类也影响茶园土壤N₂O排放。茶园土壤N₂O减排途径主要包括优化施肥量和施肥种类、添加生物炭以及合理利用硝化抑制剂等。今后应加强时间和空间尺度上茶园土壤N₂O排放的原位观测,结合实验室培养和野外试验阐明茶园土壤N₂O产生和排放机制,利用数据-模型融合方式减少全球茶园N₂O排放估算的不确定性,为合理的茶园N₂O减排措施提供理论支撑和实践指导。

关键词: 茶园, N₂O排放, 排放因素, 施肥量, 减排措施

Abstract: Tea plantations are an important N₂O source. Fertilizer-induced N₂O emission factors of tea plantations are much higher than other upland agricultural ecosystems. According to the basic information on characteristics and knowledge of N₂O emissions from tea plantations around the world, we comprehensively reviewed N₂O emission characteristics, production process, influencing factors, and reduction measures from tea plantations. The global means of ambient N₂O emission and N₂O emission stimulated by nitrogen fertilizer application from tea plantations were (2.68±2.92) kg N·hm^-2 and (11.29±9.45) kg N·hm^-2, respectively. The fertilizer-induced N₂O emission factor in tea plantations (2.2%±2.1%) was much higher than the IPCC-estimated N₂O emission factor for agricultural land (1%). N₂O emission from tea plantation soil (a typical acid soil) were mainly produced during nitrification and denitrification, with denitrification being dominant. N₂O emission from tea plantations were significantly related to the amount of fertilizer application. Other factors, such as fertilizer type, could also affect soil N₂O emissions in tea plantations. The main reduction methods of N₂O emission from tea plantations included optimizing the amount and type of fertilizer, amending biochar, and rationally using nitrification inhibitors. In future, we should strengthen in-situ observations of soil N₂O emission from tea plantations at both temporal and spatial scales, combine lab incubation and field studies to elucidate the mechanisms underling tea plantation soil N₂O emissions, and use a data-model fusion approach to reduce uncertainties in the estimation of global N₂O emission. These would provide theoretical support and practical guidance for reasonable N₂O emission reduction in tea plantations.

Key words: tea plantation, N₂O emission, emission factor, fertilizer application rate, reduction measure

韩星, 于海洋, 郑宁国, 葛超荣, 姚槐应. 茶园氧化亚氮排放研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(3): 805-814.

HAN Xing, YU Haiyang, ZHENG Ningguo, GE Chaorong, YAO Huaiying. Nitrous oxide emissions from tea plantations: A review.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(3): 805-814.

参考文献

[1] IPCC. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013: 714
[2] Davidson EA. The contribution of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1860. Nature Geoscience, 2009, 2: 659-662
[3] FAO. FAOSTAT: Faostat Agriculture Data[EB/OL]. (2021-02-05) [2022-04-15]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#date/QCL
[4] Li Y, Zheng X, Fu X, et al. Is green tea still ‘green’? Geography and Environment, 2016, 3: e00021
[5] 姚志生, 王燕, 王睿, 等. 中国茶园N₂O排放及其影响因素. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(4): 715-725
[6] Tokuda SI, Hayatsu M. Nitrous oxide flux from a tea field amended with a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and soil environmental factors controlling the flux. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2004, 50: 365-374
[7] Liu Q, Qin YM, Zou JW, et al. Annual nitrous oxide emissions from open-air and greenhouse vegetable cropping systems in China. Plant and Soil, 2013, 370: 223-233
[8] Cai ZC. Greenhouse gas budget for terrestrial ecosystems in China. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2012, 55: 173-182
[9] Gu JX, Zheng XH, Wang YH, et al. Regulatory effects of soil properties on background N₂O emissions from agricultural soils in China. Plant and Soil, 2007, 295: 53-65
[10] Hou M, Ohkama-ohtsu N, Suzuki S, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from tea soil under different fertilizer managements in Japan. Catena, 2015, 135: 304-312
[11] Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K, et al. The IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories// Simon E, eds. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Kyoto, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2006: 1-32
[12] Xu P, Li Z, Wang J, et al. Fertilizer-induced nitrous oxide emissions from global orchards and its estimate of China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2022, 328: 107854
[13] Yue Q, Wu H, Sun J, et al. Deriving emission factors and estimating direct nitrous oxide emissions for crop cultivation in China. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53: 10246-10257
[14] Ward BB. Temporal variability in nitrification rates and related biogeochemical factors in Monterey Bay, California, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005, 292: 97-109
[15] Pansombat K, Kanazawa S, Horiguchi T. Microbial ecology in tea soils. 1. Soil properties and microbial populations. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1997, 43: 317-327
[16] Boer W, Kowalchuk GA. Nitrification in acid soils: Micro-organisms and mechanisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 853-866
[17] Li YY, Chapman SJ, Nicol GW, et al. Nitrification and nitrifiers in acidic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2018, 116: 290-301
[18] Rui T, Wakelin SA, Liang Y, et al. Nitrous oxide emission and denitrifier communities in drip-irrigated calcareous soil as affected by chemical and organic fertilizers. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 612: 739-749
[19] Zumft WG. Cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 1997, 61: 533-616
[20] Enwall K, Philippot L, Hallin S. Activity and composition of the denitrifying bacterial community respond differently to long-term fertilization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005, 71: 8335-8343
[21] Fan XP, Chang Y, Chen H, et al. The efficacy of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate on N₂O emissions is linked to niche differentiation of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria across four arable soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019, 130: 82-93
[22] Chen D, Li Y, Wang C, et al. Measurement and modeling of nitrous and nitric oxide emissions from a tea field in subtropical central China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroeco-systems, 2017, 107: 157-173
[23] Jumadi O, Hala Y, Anas I, et al. Community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and their potential to produce nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in acid tea soils. Geomicrobiology Journal, 2008, 25: 381-389
[24] 何志龙, 周维, 田亚男, 等. 中亚热带丘陵区茶园和林地土壤春季N₂O排放及其影响因素. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(6): 1210-1217
[25] 吕天新, 伍延正, 沈健林, 等. 氮肥深施及间种白三叶草对茶园N₂O排放的影响. 环境科学, 2019, 40(9): 4221-4229
[26] Yamamoto A, Akiyama H, Naokawa T, et al. Lime-nitrogen application affects nitrification, denitrification, and N₂O emission in an acidic tea soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50: 53-62
[27] Huang Y, Li YY, Yao HY. Nitrate enhances N₂O emission more than ammonium in a highly acidic soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014, 14: 146-154
[28] Butterbach-bahl K, Baggs EM, Dannenmann M, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: How well do we understand the processes and their controls? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2013, 368: 20130122
[29] Wrage N, Velthof GL, Beusichem ML, et al. Role of nitrifier denitrification in the production of nitrous oxide. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 1723-1732
[30] 颜青, 赖睿特, 张克强, 等. 土壤化学反硝化及N₂O产生机理研究进展. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(3): 736-743
[31] Chen D, Li Y, Wang C, et al. Dynamics and underlying mechanisms of N₂O and NO emissions in response to a transient land-use conversion of Masson pine forest to tea field. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 693: 133549
[32] Deng MH, Hou MD, Ohkama-ohtsu N, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from organic fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer in tea fields. Agriculture, 2017, 7: 29
[33] Fu XQ, Li Y, Su WJ, et al. Annual dynamics of N₂O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China. Plant, Soil and Environment, 2012, 58: 373-378
[34] Gogoi B, Baruah KK. Nitrous oxide emission from tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)-planted soils of North East India and soil parameters associated with the emission. Current Science, 2011, 101: 531-536
[35] Han WY, Xu JM, Wei K, et al. Estimation of N₂O emission from tea garden soils, their adjacent vegetable garden and forest soils in eastern China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 70: 2495-2500
[36] Han ZQ, Wang JY, Xu PS, et al. Differential responses of soil nitrogen-oxide emissions to organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer and biochar amendment in a subtropical tea plantation. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2021, 13: 1260-1274
[37] He ZL, Zhou W, Tian YN, et al. Nitrous oxide emission and its impact factors in tea garden and woodland soils in subtropical hilly region of China during spring season. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35: 1210-1217
[38] He TH, Yuan JJ, Luo JF, et al. Organic fertilizers have divergent effects on soil N₂O emissions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2019, 55: 685-699
[39] Hirono Y, Nonaka K. Nitrous oxide emissions from green tea fields in Japan: Contribution of emissions from soil between rows and soil under the canopy of tea plants. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2012, 58: 384-392
[40] Hirono Y, Nonaka K. Effects of application of lime nitrogen and dicyandiamide on nitrous oxide emissions from green tea fields. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2014, 60: 276-285
[41] Ji C, Li SQ, Geng YJ, et al. Decreased N₂O and NO emissions associated with stimulated denitrification following biochar amendment in subtropical tea plantations. Geoderma, 2020, 365: 114223
[42] Li Y, Fu XQ, Liu XL, et al. Spatial variability and distribution of N₂O emissions from a tea field during the dry season in subtropical central China. Geoderma, 2013, 193-194: 1-12
[43] 陈茜. 不同种植年限茶园土壤温室气体的排放研究. 硕士论文. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2014
[44] Lv TX, Wu YZ, Shen JL, et al. N₂O emissions from a tea field with deep application of nitrogen fertilizer and intercropping with white clover. Environmental Science, 2019, 40: 4221-4229
[45] Rose TJ, Kearney LJ, Morris S, et al. Low seasonal nitrous oxide emissions in tea tree farming systems following nitrogen fertilisation using poultry litter application or green manure legumes. Soil Research, 2020, 58: 238-246
[46] Tokuda S, Hayatsu M. Nitrous oxide flux from a tea field amended with a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and soil environmental factors controlling the flux. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2004, 50: 365-374
[47] Wanyama I, Pelster DE, Arias-Navarro C, et al. Management intensity controls soil N₂O fluxes in an Afromontane ecosystem. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 624: 769-780
[48] Xu SJ, Fu XQ, Ma SL, et al. Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from tea field soil using bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma viride biofertilizer. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 8: 793752
[49] Yamamoto A, Akiyama H, Naokawa T, et al. Lime-nitrogen application affects nitrification, denitrification, and N₂O emission in an acidic tea soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50: 53-62
[50] Yao ZS, Wei YD, Liu CY, et al. Organically fertilized tea plantation stimulates N₂O emissions and lowers NO fluxes in subtropical China. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12: 5915-5928
[51] Yao ZS, Zheng XH, Liu CY, et al. Stand age amplifies greenhouse gas and NO releases following conversion of rice paddy to tea plantations in subtropical China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 248: 386-396
[52] Zhang KB, Liu XL, Kang M, et al. N₂O emissions from tea plantations with sorghum intercropping and application of big urea pills. Environmental Science, 2020, 41: 2434-2444
[53] Zhou SN, Xu Z, Zeng XG, et al. Linking nitrous oxide emissions from starch wastewater digestate amended soil to the abundance and structure of denitrifier communities. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 722: 137406
[54] Zhou SN, Zeng XG, Xu Z, et al. Paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer application in a tea plantation reduces soil N₂O by changing denitrifier communities. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2020, 66: 214-227
[55] Zhou ZW, Zhu Q, Lai XM, et al. N₂O emission and mineral N leaching from contrasting land-use hillslopes as jointly affected by climate and rock fragment factors. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2020, 183: 637-647
[56] Zhou ZW, Liu Y, Zhu Q, et al. Comparing the variations and controlling factors of soil N₂O emissions and NO₃^--N leaching on tea and bamboo hillslopes. Catena, 2020, 188: 104463
[57] Zou Y, Hirono Y, Yanai Y, et al. Isotopomer analysis of nitrous oxide accumulated in soil cultivated with tea (Camellia sinensis) in Shizuoka, central Japan. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 77: 276-291
[58] Akiyama H, Yan X, Yagi K. Estimations of emission factors for fertilizer-induced direct N₂O emissions from agricultural soils in Japan: Summary of available data. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2006, 52: 774-787
[59] Meng L, Ding WX, Cai ZC, et al. Long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on N₂O emissions, soil quality and crop production in a sandy loam soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37: 2037-2045
[60] Wang L, Jiang YL. Advances in greenhouse gases emission in farmland soils. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2012, 13: 1738-1743
[61] 倪康, 廖万有, 伊晓云, 等. 我国茶园施肥现状与减施潜力分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(3): 421-432
[62] 王峰, 陈玉真, 吴志丹, 等. 我国典型茶区化学氮肥施用与生产运输过程的温室气体排放量估算. 茶叶科学, 2020, 40(2): 205-214
[63] 薛冬, 姚槐应, 黄昌勇. 植茶年龄对茶园土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(2): 84-87
[64] Huang Y, Long XE, Chapman SJ, et al. Acidophilic denitrifiers dominate the N₂O production in a 100-year-old tea orchard soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 22: 4173-4182
[65] Huang Y, Li Y, Yao H, et al. Nitrate enhances N₂O emission more than ammonium in a highly acidic soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014, 14: 146-154
[66] 黄莹, 李雅颖, 姚槐应. 强酸性茶园土壤中添加不同肥料氮后N₂O释放量变化. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(6): 1533-1538
[67] 阮建云, 马立锋, 伊晓云, 等. 茶树养分综合管理与减肥增效技术研究. 茶叶科学, 2020, 40(1): 85-95
[68] Zou J, Lu Y, Huang Y. Estimates of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emission from Chinese croplands during 1980-2000. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158: 631-635
[69] 刘忠宽, 汪诗平, 韩建国, 等. 放牧家畜排泄物N转化研究进展. 生态学报, 2004, 24(4): 775-783
[70] Mkhabela MS, Gordon R, Burton D, et al. Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from two acidic soils of Nova Scotia fertilised with liquid hog manure mixed with or without dicyandiamide. Chemosphere, 2006, 65: 1381-1387
[71] 徐新超, 伏广农, 谢小茜, 等. 农田氧化亚氮排放的主要影响因素及其作用机制. 广东农业科学, 2013, 40(11): 171-176
[72] 郑循华, 王明星, 王跃思, 等. 温度对农田N₂O产生与排放的影响. 环境科学, 1997, 18(5): 1-5
[73] 王冠钦, 李飞, 彭云峰, 等. 土壤含水量调控高寒草原生态系统N₂O排放对增温的响应. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(1): 105-115
[74] Shakila KT, Guillermo HR. Primings of soil organic matter and denitrification mediate the effects of moisture on nitrous oxide production. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 155: 108166
[75] 林衣东, 韩文炎. 不同土壤N₂O排放的研究. 茶叶科学, 2009, 29(6): 456-464
[76] Pihlatie M, Syvsalo E, Simojoki A, et al. Contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N₂O production in peat, clay and loamy sand soils under different soil moisture conditions. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 70: 135-141
[77] 蔡延江, 丁维新, 项剑. 农田土壤N₂O和NO排放的影响因素及其作用机制. 土壤, 2012, 44(6): 881-887
[78] Hoyle FC, Murphy DV, Biology IRP, et al. Temperature and stubble management influence microbial CO₂-C evolution and gross N transformation rates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38: 71-80
[79] Rochette P, Angers DA, Chantigny MH, et al. N₂O fluxes in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with liquid and solid dairy cattle manures. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 88: 175-187
[80] 王敬国. 土壤氮素的转化过程中温室效应气体的释放和吸收. 环境科学研究, 1993, 6(5): 47-51
[81] Fu X, Liu X, LiY, et al. Wet-season spatial variability in N₂O emissions from a tea field in subtropical central China. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12: 3899-3911
[82] Li Y, Fu X, Liu X, et al. Spatial variability and distribution of N₂O emissions from a tea field during the dry season in subtropical central China. Geoderma, 2013, 193-194: 1-12
[83] 梁东丽, 同延安, Emterdy O, 等. 黄土性土壤剖面中N₂O排放的研究初报. 土壤学报, 2002, 39(6): 802-809
[84] Groenigen J, Zwart KB, Harris D, et al. Vertical gradients of delta¹⁵N and delta¹⁸O in soil atmospheric N₂O: Temporal dynamics in a sandy soil. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005, 19: 1289-1295
[85] Deurer M, Vonder C, Böttcher J, et al. The dynamics of N₂O near the groundwater table and the transfer of N₂O into the unsaturated zone: A case study from a sandy aquifer in Germany. Catena, 2008, 72: 362-373
[86] Zhu T, Zhang J, Meng T, et al. Tea plantation destroys soil retention of NO₃ and increases N₂O emissions in subtropical China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 73: 106-114
[87] 范利超, 邹振浩, 韩文炎. 不同类型茶园土壤N₂O排放速率及其影响因素. 茶叶科学, 2021, 41(2): 193-202
[88] Xue D, Yao HY, Huang CY. Microbial biomass, N mineralization and nitrification, enzyme activities, and microbial community diversity in tea orchard soils. Chinese Biological Abstracts, 2007, 21: 2
[89] Han ZQ, Wang JY, Xu PS, et al. Greater nitrous and nitric oxide emissions from the soil between rows than under the canopy in subtropical tea plantations. Geoderma, 2021, 398: 115105
[90] Tang S, Ma Q, Luo J, et al. The inhibition effect of tea polyphenols on soil nitrification is greater than denitrification in tea garden soil. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 778: 146328
[91] 田亚男, 何志龙, 吕昭琪, 等. 凋落茶叶对华中地区酸化茶园土壤N₂O与CO₂排放的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(8): 1625-1632
[92] 张珂彬, 王毅, 刘新亮, 等. 茶园氧化亚氮排放机制及减排措施研究进展. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(4): 413-424
[93] Philippot L, Hallin S, Schloter M, et al. Ecology of denitrifying prokaryotes in agricultural soil. Advances in Agronomy, 2007, 96: 249-305
[94] 张玉铭, 胡春胜, 张佳宝, 等. 农田土壤主要温室气体(CO₂, CH₄, N₂O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(4): 966-975
[95] 陈云梅, 赵欢, 肖厚军, 等. 减氮配施有机物料对玉米-白菜轮作系统作物产量、光合特性和产品品质的影响. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(12): 4391-4400
[96] 伊晓云, 马立锋, 石元值, 等. 茶叶专用肥减肥增产增收效果研究. 中国茶叶, 2017, 39(4): 26-27
[97] Hou M, Ohkama-ohtsu NK, Suzuki S, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from tea soil under different fertilizer managements in Japan. Catena, 2015, 135: 304-312
[98] 李佳乐, 梁泳怡, 刘文杰, 等. 有机肥替代化学氮肥对橡胶幼苗生长和土壤环境的影响. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(2): 431-438
[99] 彭少兵, 黄见良,钟旭华, 等. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103
[100] Cayuela ML, Zwieten LV, Singh BP, et al. Biochar’s role in mitigating soil nitrous oxide emissions: A review and meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2014, 191: 5-16
[101] Liu JY, Shen JL, Li Y, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on the net greenhouse gas emission and greenhouse gas intensity in a Chinese double rice cropping system. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2014, 65: 30-39
[102] Nelissen V, Saha BK, Ruysschaert G, et al. Effect of different biochar and fertilizer types on N₂O and NO emissions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 70: 244-255
[103] Shen J, Hong T, Liu J, et al. Contrasting effects of straw and straw-derived biochar amendments on greenhouse gas emissions within double rice cropping systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2014, 188: 264-274
[104] Zou JW, Zhang YG, Lin F, et al. Annual accounting of net greenhouse gas balance response to biochar addition in a coastal saline bioenergy cropping system in China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 158: 39-48
[105] Zwieten LV, Kimber S, Morris S, et al. Influence of biochars on flux of N₂O and CO₂ from Ferrosol. Austra-lian Journal of Soil Research, 2010, 48: 555-568
[106] Zheng N, Yu Y, Shi W, et al. Biochar suppresses N₂O emissions and alters microbial communities in an acidic tea soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26: 35978-35987
[107] He T, Yuan J, Luo J, et al. Organic fertilizers have divergent effects on soil N₂O emissions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2019, 55: 685-699
[108] 农业农村部. “十四五”全国种植业发展规划[EB/OL]. (2021-12-29) [2022-04-15]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/govpublic/ZZYGLS/202201/t20220113_638-6808.htm
[109] Wang Y, Yao ZS, Pan ZL, et al. Tea-planted soils as global hotspots for N₂O emissions from croplands. Environmental Research Letters, 2020, 15: 104018
[110] 张苗苗, 沈菊培, 贺纪正, 等. 硝化抑制剂的微生物抑制机理及其应用. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(11): 2077-2083
[111] Cheng CH, Lehmann J, Engelhard MH. Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: Changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2008, 72: 1598-1610
[112] Huang Z, Cui CH, Cao YJ, et al. Tea plant-legume intercropping simultaneously improves soil fertility and tea quality by changing Bacillus species composition. Horticulture Research, 2022, 9: uhac046