塔里木河下游胡杨木质部形成过程及其对水热因子的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入了解水热因子对胡杨木质部形成的影响,本研究以塔里木河下游英苏断面胡杨为例,在距离塔里木河河道100 和1500 m的监测井F₂和F₁₀周围选取胡杨微树芯样本,采用木材解剖学方法,分析了胡杨木质部解剖特征及其对水热因子的响应。结果表明: 在整个生长季,两样地的胡杨木质部解剖总导管面积与导管数量动态变化趋势基本一致。胡杨导管数量随地下水埋深增加呈缓慢上升趋势,总导管面积随地下水埋深增加呈先增加后下降的趋势。胡杨木质部总导管面积、最小导管面积、平均导管面积和最大导管面积4个指标随生长季气温升高而显著增大。地下水位和气温对胡杨木质部不同生长阶段的贡献率不同。在生长季前期,气温对胡杨木质部导管数量和总导管面积影响贡献最大;在生长季中期,气温和地下水共同作用影响各导管参数;在生长季后期,地下水对导管数量和总导管面积影响贡献最大。敏感度分析得出,胡杨木质部导管数量变化的敏感地下水埋深为5.2 m,总导管面积变化的敏感地下水埋深为5.9 m;胡杨木质部总导管面积的敏感气温为22.0 ℃,平均导管面积的敏感气温为18.5 ℃。因此,影响木质部生长敏感的地下水位区间为5.2～5.9 m,敏感气温为18.5～22 ℃。本研究可以为塔里木河下游胡杨林恢复与保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 胡杨, 木质部解剖, 水热因子, 塔里木河

Abstract: To deeply understand the effects of water and temperature factors on the xylem formation of Populus euphratica, taking the Yingsu section in the lower reaches of Tarim River as an example, we selected micro-coring samples of P. euphratica around monitoring wells F₂ and F₁₀ in the 100 and 1500 m distance from the channel of Tarim River. We used wood anatomy method to analyze the xylem anatomy of P. euphratica and its response to water and temperature factors. The results showed that the changes of the total anatomical vessel area and the vessel number of P. euphratica in the two plots were basically consistent during the whole growing season. The vessel number of xylem conduits of P. euphratica increased slowly with the increases of groundwater depth, while the total conduit area increased firstly and then decreased. The total vessel area, minimum vessel area, average vessel area, and maximum vessel area of P. euphratica xylem increased significantly with the increases of temperature in the growing season. The contribution of groundwater depth and air temperature to P. euphratica xylem varied among different growth stages. In the early growing season, air temperature had the largest contribution to the number and total area of xylem conduits of P. euphratica. During the middle growing season, air temperature and groundwater depth jointly affected the parameters of each conduit. During the later growing season, groundwater depth had the largest contribution to the number and total area of conduits. Results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that the groundwater depth sensitive to xylem vessel number change of P. euphratica was 5.2 m and that to the change in the total conduit area was 5.9 m. The temperature sensitive to total vessel area of P. euphratica xylem was 22.0 ℃, and that to average vessel area was 18.5 ℃. Therefore, the sensitive groundwater depth affecting xylem growth was at the range of 5.2-5.9 m, and the sensitive temperature was at the range of 18.5-22 ℃. This study could provide scientific basis for the restoration and protection of P. euphratica forest in the lower reaches of Tarim River.

Key words: Populus euphratica, xylem anatomy, water-heat factor, Tarim River

贺清智, 叶茂, 潘晓婷, 赵凡凡, 张凯丽. 塔里木河下游胡杨木质部形成过程及其对水热因子的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1244-1252.

HE Qingzhi, YE Mao, PAN Xiaoting, ZHAO Fanfan, ZHANG Kaili. Xylem formation of Populus euphratica and its response to water-heat factors in the lower reaches of Tarim River, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(5): 1244-1252.

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