玉米秸秆及其生物质炭输入对毛竹林土壤有机碳化学组分与碳降解功能基因的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202309.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究玉米秸秆及其生物质炭输入对毛竹林土壤有机碳化学组分和碳降解功能基因(cbhI)丰度与群落结构组成的影响,可为亚热带毛竹林土壤增汇减排技术的开发提供理论依据。本研究以亚热带毛竹林为对象,设置对照(0 t C·hm^-2)、玉米秸秆(5 t C·hm^-2)和玉米秸秆生物质炭(5 t C·hm^-2)3个处理,开展为期1年的野外控制试验,在试验处理后的第3和12个月分别采集土壤样品,利用¹³C-固态核磁共振、实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术测定土壤有机碳化学组分和cbhI功能微生物的数量及群落结构。结果表明:与对照相比,玉米秸秆处理显著增加了土壤有机碳中烷氧碳含量,降低了芳香碳含量,而玉米秸秆生物质炭处理则产生了相反的效果;玉米秸秆处理增加了cbhI功能基因丰度和青霉属、顶囊壳属、小皮伞属等优势菌种的相对丰度,而玉米秸秆生物质炭处理则降低了这些基因的丰度。相关性分析显示,土壤cbhI优势菌种的相对丰度与烷氧碳含量呈显著正相关,与芳香碳含量呈显著负相关。冗余分析表明,玉米秸秆处理通过改变土壤烷氧碳含量,而玉米秸秆生物质炭处理通过改变土壤pH、有机碳和芳香碳含量对cbhI功能基因微生物群落结构产生显著影响。与玉米秸秆处理相比,玉米秸秆生物质炭处理可以增加亚热带毛竹林生态系统土壤有机碳稳定性,降低碳降解微生物活性,因此,生物质炭施用对维持亚热带森林生态系统土壤碳储量具有积极意义。

关键词: 生物质炭, 有机碳化学组分, 毛竹林土壤, 碳降解功能基因

Abstract: We investigated the effects of maize straw and its biochar application on soil organic carbon chemical composition, the abundance of carbon degradation genes (cbhI) and the composition of cbhI gene community in a Moso bamboo forest, to provide the theoretical and scientific basis for enhancing carbon sequestration. We conducted a one-year field experiment in a subtropical Moso bamboo forest with three treatments: control (0 t C·hm^-2), maize straw (5 t C·hm^-2), and maize straw biochar (5 t C·hm^-2). Soil samples were collected at the 3^rd and 12^th months after the treatment. Soil organic carbon chemical composition, the abundance and community composition of cbhI gene were determined by solid-state¹³C NMR, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control, maize straw treatment significantly increased the content of O-alkyl C and decreased aromatic C content, while maize straw biochar treatment showed an opposite effect. Maize straw treatment significantly increased the abundance of cbhI gene and the relative abundance of Penicillium, Gaeumannomyces and Marasmius. However, maize straw biochar treatment reduced the abundance of this gene. The relative abundance of dominant cbhI in soils was positively correlated with the content of O-alkyl C and negatively correlated with the content of aromatic C. Results of redundancy analysis showed that maize straw treatment had a significant effect on the microbial community composition of cbhI gene by changing soil O-alkyl C content, while maize straw biochar affected the microbial community composition of cbhI gene by changing soil pH, organic carbon, and aromatic C content. Maize straw biochar treatment was more effective in increasing soil organic carbon stability and reducing microbial activity associated with carbon degradation in the subtropical Moso bamboo forest ecosystem compared with maize straw treatment. Therefore, the application of biochar has positive significance for maintaining soil carbon storage in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Key words: biochar, soil organic carbon chemical composition, Moso bamboo forest soil, C-degradation gene

张雯怡, 姜振辉, 潘丽霞, 周家树, 刘娟, 蔡延江, 李永夫. 玉米秸秆及其生物质炭输入对毛竹林土壤有机碳化学组分与碳降解功能基因的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2383-2390.

ZHANG Wenyi, JIANG Zhenhui, PAN Lixia, ZHOU Jiashu, LIU Juan, CAI Yanjiang, LI Yongfu. Effects of maize straw and its biochar application on soil organic carbon chemical composition and carbon degradation genes in a Moso bamboo forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(9): 2383-2390.

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