渤海生态通道模型初探

应用生态学报 ›› 2000, Vol. ›› Issue (3): 435-440.

渤海生态通道模型初探

仝龄¹, 唐启升¹, DanielPauly²

1. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 青岛266071;
2. 加拿大卑诗大学渔业研究中心

收稿日期:1999-06-28 修回日期:1999-12-21 出版日期:2000-05-25
通讯作者: TongLing.E-mail:ysfri@public.qd.sd.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(497901001)

A preliminary approach on mass-balance ecopath model of the Bohai Sea

TONG Ling¹, TANG Qisheng¹, DanielPauly²

1. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071;
2. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia 2204 MainMall, Vancouver, B. C., V6T 1Z4, Canada

Received:1999-06-28 Revised:1999-12-21 Online:2000-05-25
Supported by:
The research was supported by the Key Project,No.49790100,National Natural Science Foundation of China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态通道模式(Ecopath Model)是一种较为方便地研究生态系统结构,特别是水域生态系统结构的工具.它根据能量平衡原理,用线性齐次方程组描述生态系统中的生物组成和能量在各生物组成之间的流动过程,定量某些生态学参数,如生物量、生产量/生物量、消耗量/生物量、营养级和生态营养效率(EE,Ecotrophic Efficiency)等.它能够给出能量在生态通道上的流动量,便于对生态系统的特征和变化作深入的研究.本文主要根据1982～1983年渤海生态系统综合调查的渔业资源基础数据,建立了渤海生态系统初步生态通道模型.根据食性关系特点,渤海生态系统Ecopath模型由13个功能组(Box)构成.它们是小型浮游动物、大型浮游动物、小型软体动物、大型软体动物、小型甲壳类、大型甲壳类、草食性鱼类、小型中上层鱼类、底层鱼类、底栖鱼类、中上层顶级捕食鱼类、浮游植物和有机碎屑.功能组的划分,基本上可以覆盖渤海生态系统中生物能量的主要流动过程.模型采用每平方公里吨/年为主要参数单位,大部分功能组的生产量与生物量比值(P/B)和消耗量与生物量比值(Q/B)参数主要是根据相同纬度水域Ecopath模型中类似的功能组估算得到.在调试渤海生态通道模型时,考虑渤海生态系统是一个生态转换利用充分的水域,生态营养效率(EE)的值均取在0.808以上.模型估算出渤海可利用经济种类的生物量达到95×105t(每平方公里12.3t·km^-2),其中鱼类资源生物量为33.8×10⁵t.上述数值比渤海生态系统综合调查结果数据和其它有关文章发表的渤海资源生物量(多根据拖网调查资料)的数值要高,其中小型中层鱼类生物量为渤海综合调查生物量的1.8倍.考虑到拖网调查方法往往对生物资源量估计偏低,可以认为渤海生态通道模型对生物量的评估数据是合理的.

关键词: 生态通道模型, 营养动力学模式, 渤海生态系统, 生物资源评估

Abstract: A Bohai Sea mass-balance ecopath model is constructed on the basis of fisheries resources data from the ecosystem survey conducted from April 1982 to May 1983. It is the first ecopath model which consists of 13 function groups (boxes), and only covers the main trophic flow in the Bohai Sea ecosystem. P/B and Q/B parameters (P:production, B:biomass, Q:consumption) for most groups were estimated from similar function groups in other ecopath models of the same latitude regions around. The value of EE (Ecotrophic Efficiency) is the main parameter to check the equilibration of the model. The EE parameters in the model are of high value (>0.808) for most groups, because the fishing pressure was very high and small living organisms were being heavily preyed upon in the ecosystem. The biomass density of the species commercially utilized estimated by the model is 12.33 ton穔m^-2. Even though the value is low compared with the density in other ecosystems, such as Caribbean coral reef ecosystem and the Southern B.C. shelf model, it is higher than the value published by some papers on the Bohai Sea using other methods. Considering the lower value estimated by the stock assessment using bottom trawl survey data, the output here is reasonable. It is concluded that the biomass of commercial fishing species in the sea is 950 thousand metric tons, and 338 thousand tons are fish species in the value.

Key words: Ecopath model, Trophic dynamics modeling, Bohai Sea ecosystem, Stock assessment

仝龄, 唐启升, DanielPauly. 渤海生态通道模型初探[J]. 应用生态学报, 2000, (3): 435-440.

TONG Ling, TANG Qisheng, DanielPauly. A preliminary approach on mass-balance ecopath model of the Bohai Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, (3): 435-440.

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