我国区域尺度生态系统管理中的几个重要生态学命题

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态系统管理学是研究生态系统管理的理论与实践技术、相关政策和管理策略的综合性应用生态学.当前,综合研究全球或区域尺度生态系统管理模式及其相关的重大科学问题不仅是人类社会可持续发展的迫切需要,也是生态系统管理学的重要发展方向和科学任务.为此,本文系统地论述了生态系统的服务功能、可持续性、复杂性和不确定性的综合评价与生态学机制,自然资源保护、生态系统健康以及退化生态系统恢复的生态学基础,生态系统管理的基础生态学过程,生态系统适应性管理的理论与实践,生态系统网络研究、监测和成果集成,区域尺度生态系统管理的综合性专题研究等一系列重要生态学命题,讨论了这些生态学命题的国内外研究进展及其发展方向.

关键词: 生态系统管理, 生态学命题, 区域尺度生态系统, 可持续发展

Abstract: Ecosystem management is a synthetic applied ecology concerning ecosystem management theories, practical technologies, relevant policies and management strategies. It is not only an urgent need for the sustainable development of human society, but also an important tendency and scientific task of ecosystem management to develop integrated studies on models of global or regional scale ecosystem management and the relevant scientific problems. For this reason, we systematically expounded a series of important ecological topics, such as the synthetic evaluation and ecological mechanism of the services, sustainability, complexity, and indeterminacy of ecosystem, the ecological basis of natural resources conservation, ecosystem health, and the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem, basic ecological processes for ecosystem management, theories and practice on adaptive management of ecosystem, ecosystem network study, monitor, and achievement integration, as well as synthetic special topic studies on regional scale ecosystem management etc. Research advances and tendencies of these topics at home and abroad were also reviewed.

Key words: Ecological topics, Ecosystem management, Regional scale ecosystem, Sustainable development

中图分类号:

Q149

于贵瑞, 谢高地, 于振良, 王秋凤. 我国区域尺度生态系统管理中的几个重要生态学命题[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (7): 885-891.

YU Guirui, XIE Gaodi, YU Zhenliang, WANG Qiufeng . Important ecological topics on regional scale ecosystem management in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (7): 885-891.

参考文献

[48] Zhao S-D(赵士洞) and Wang Y-X(汪业勖).1997.Summary on Ecosystem Management.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),16(4):35～38(in Chinese)
[1] Alexander AM,John AL and Michael M.1998.A method for valuing global ecosystem services.Ecol Econ,27(2):161～170
[2] Alison,Gilbert J and Janssen R.1998.Use of environmental functions to communicate the values of a mangrove ecosystem under different management regimes.Ecol Econ,25(3):323～346
[3] Berrien Moore III.1999.International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme:A study of global change,some reflections.Stockholm,Sweden:The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
[4] Bolund P and Hunhammar S.1999.Ecosystem services in urban areas.Ecol Econ,29:291～301
[5] Christensen NL,Bartuska AM and Brown JH.1996.The Report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management.Ecol Appl,6(3):665～691
[6] Costanza R,d'Arge R and de Groot R.1997.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,387:253～260
[7] Costanza R and O'Neill RV.1996.Ecological Economics and Sustainability.Ecol Appl,6(4):976～977
[8] Dale GCS,Alexander PR and Ehrlich PR.1999.Ecosystem services:Benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems.Issues in Ecology,3:1～6
[9] Dong Q(董全).1999.Ecosystem services:the biological conditions and ecological supports necessary for the development of human societies.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(2):233～240 (in Chinese)
[10] Ehrlich PR and Ehrlich AH.1981.Extinction.New York:Ballantine.
[11] Gallopin GC.1995.The potential of agroecosystem health as a guiding concept for agricultural research.Ecosystem Health,1:129～141
[12] Grumbine RE.1994.What is ecosystem management.Conserv Biol,8(1):27～38
[13] Holdren JP and Ehrlich PR.1974.Human population and the global environment.American Scientist,62:282～292
[14] Holmlund CM and Hammer M.1999.Ecosystem services generated by fish population.Ecol Econ,29:253～268
[15] Hu D (胡聃).1997.An indicating framework for ecosystem sustainability.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),8(2):213～317(in Chinese)
[16] Huang X-W(黄兴文) and Chen B-M(陈百明).1999a.The theory and application about the regionalization of Chinese ecological assets.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),19(5):602～606 (in Chinese)
[17] Jiang Y-L(蒋延玲) and Zhou G-S(周广胜).1999.Estimation of ecosystem services of forest in China.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),23(5):426～432 (in Chinese)
[18] Jorge S,Pilar R and Ella VD.2000.Implications of the heretical structure of biodiversity for the development of ecological indicators of sustainable use.Ambio,29(3):136～141
[19] Kolb TE,et al.1994.Concepts of forest health:utilitarian and ecosystem perspectives.J For,92:10～15
[20] Levin SA.1993.Science and sustainability.Ecol Appl,3(4):548～549
[21] Li W-H(李文华).1999.Flood of Yangtze River and ecological restoration.J Natural Resour(自然资源学报),15(1):1～9(in Chinese)
[22] McMichael AJ,Bolin B and Costanza R.1999.Globalization and the sustainability of human health:an ecological perspective.Bioscience,49:205～210
[23] Melillo JM and McGuire AD.1993.Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production.Nature,36(3):234～240
[24] Moberg F and Folke C.1999:Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems.Ecol Econ,29:215～133
[25] Niskanen A.1998.Value of external environmental impacts of reforestation in Thailand.Ecol Econ,26(3):287～298
[26] Norber J.1999.Linking nature's services to ecosystems:some general ecological concepts.Ecol Econ,29:183～202
[27] Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Wang R-S(王如松),Zhao J-Z(赵景柱).1999.Ecosystem services and their economic valuation.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(5):635～640 (in Chinese)
[28] Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Wang X-K(王效科),Miao H(苗鸿).1999.A primary study on chinese terrestrial ecosystem services and their ecological-economic values.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),19(5):607～613(in Chinese)
[29] Overbay JC.1992.Ecosystem Management.In:Gordon D ed.Taking An Ecological Approach to Management.United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Publication WO-WSA-3.3～15
[30] Pimentel D,Harvey C and Resosudarmo P.1995.Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits.Science,267:1117～1123
[31] Raich JW,Rastetter EB and Melillo JM.1991.Potential net primary productivity in South America:application of a global model.Ecol Appl,1(4):399～429
[32] Ren H(任海),Wu J-G(邬建国),Peng S-L(彭少麟).2000.Concept of ecosystem management and its essential elements.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(3):455～458 (in Chinese)
[33] Schimel DJ,Melillo and Tian H.2000.Contribution of increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States.Science,287:19～21
[34] Schulze ED and Mooney H.1993.Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.
[35] Shen L(沈镭) and Cheng S-Q(成升魁).2000.A preliminary study on the indicator system for the regional sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Resour Sci(资源科学),22(4):30～37 (in Chinese)
[36] Sherman K.1995.Large marine ecosystems and fisheries.In:Munasinghe M and Shearer W eds.Defining and Measuring Sustainability.Washington DC:World Bank.207～234
[37] Study of Critical Environmental Problems.1970.Man's Impact on the Global Environment.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.
[38] Tilman D.1997.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.In:Daily G ed.Nature's Services:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems.Washington D C:Island Press.93～112
[39] Westman WE.1977.How much are nature's service worth? Science,197:960～964
[40] Whitford WA.1995.Desertification:implications and limitations of the ecosystem health metaphor.In:Rapprot DJ,Gaudet C and Calow P eds.Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystem.Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag.272～294
[41] Woodward FI and Smith TM.1994.Global photosynthesis and stomatal conductance:modeling the controls by soil and climate.Adv Plant Pathol,23:1～41
[42] Woodward FI,Smith TM and Emanuel WR.1995.A global land primary productivity and phytogeography model.Global Biogeochem Cyc,9(4):471～490
[43] Yu G-R(于贵瑞).1999.A Study on Modelling Stomatal Conductance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves.Chiba University:The Technical Bulletin of Faculty of Horticulture,53:145～239 (in Japanese)
[44] Yu G-R(于贵瑞).2001.A conceptual framework and the ecosystem basis for ecosystem management.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(5):787～794(in Chinese)
[45] Yu Z-Y(余作岳) and Peng S-L(彭少麟).1996.Ecological Studies on Vegetation Rehabilitation or Tropical and Subtropical Degraded Ecosystem.Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press.(in Chinese)
[46] Zeng D-H(曾德慧).1999.Ecosystem health and sustainable development for human.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),10(6):751～756 (in Chinese)
[47] Zhao J-Z(赵景柱),Xiao H(肖寒),Wu G(吴刚).2000.Comparison analysis on physical and value assessment methods for ecosystems services.Chin J Appl Eco(应用生态学报),11(2):290～292(in Chinese)49