表面活性剂、酸雨和Cd2+复合污染对蚕豆胚根细胞核的毒性

应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (3): 493-496.

表面活性剂、酸雨和Cd²⁺复合污染对蚕豆胚根细胞核的毒性

刘红玉¹, 廖柏寒¹, 鲁双庆²

1. 湖南农业大学环境科学系, 长沙 410128;
2. 长沙大学应用化学与环境保护系, 长沙 410003

收稿日期:2002-02-20 修回日期:2002-05-27
通讯作者: 刘红玉,女,1965年生,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为环境毒理学,发表论文12篇.
基金资助:
国家教育部科学技术研究重点项目(200015600209);国家科技部中法先进研究计划资助项目(PRAE0004)

Toxicity of surfactant,acid rain and Cd²⁺ combined pollution to the nucleus of Vicia faba root tip cells

LIU Hongyu¹, LIAO Bohan¹, LU Shuangqing ²

1. Department of Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
2. Department of Applied Chemical and Environmental Protection, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China

Received:2002-02-20 Revised:2002-05-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 用蚕豆根尖微核技术研究了Cd²⁺单因子以及与表面活性剂、模拟酸雨复合污染时对植物细胞的毒性作用.结果表明,Cd²⁺浓度在0～10.0mg·L^-1范围内,对蚕豆胚根细胞微核的形成有强烈的诱导作用,Cd²⁺浓度6.0mg·L^-1时的细胞微核率为13.85‰,对照组的微核率为4.53‰,此时污染影响指数(PI)为3.06;当环境中存在表面活性剂LAS1.0mg·L^-1或pH值降到4.5和3.5时,同一Cd²⁺浓度下,蚕豆根尖细胞微核率、PI降低,同时伴有核变形,细胞中颗粒物增多,胚根组织不容易分散等症状,根的生长受到抑制,说明表面活性剂、酸雨对Cd²⁺的毒性有协同作用.pH3.5的酸雨环境中Cd²⁺对蚕豆细胞的损伤程度比pH4.5酸雨环境高.在检测高浓度、强毒性污染物的致突变效应时,应作至少3个稀释倍数,找出蚕豆根尖细胞最高微核率及PI.

关键词: 蚕豆, 微核率, Cd²⁺, 表面活性剂, 酸雨

Abstract: The toxicity of Cd²⁺and its combination with surfactant or simulated acid rain to Vicia faba root tip cell was studied by using micro-nucleus technique. The results showed that the formation of micro-nucleus in Vicia faba root tip cell was strongly induced by Cd²⁺ in its concentration of 0～10.0 mg·L^-1. The micro-nucleus rate was 13.85‰ at 6.0 mg·L^-1Cd²⁺,4.53‰ at 0 mg·L^-1 Cd²⁺,and the pollution index (PI) was 3.06. The micro-nucleus ratio and PI decreased when the accompanied surfactant LAS was also presented or the pH values decreased to 4.5 or 3.5. In the meantime,many deformed nuclei and grains were observed in the root tip cells. The growth of the Vicia faba roots was restrained, and the root cells were not easy to be scattered. Therefore,the toxicity of Cd²⁺ was increased by its combination with surfactant or acid rain. The Cd²⁺ toxicity to Vicia faba cells at pH3.5 was stronger than that at pH4.5. When the mutation effect of contaminant with high concentration or with strong toxicity to plant cell was tested, the contaminant should be diluted for at least three times,and hence, the highest micro-nucleus ratio and pollution index (PI) could be found.

Key words: Vicia faba, Micro-nucleus ratio, Cd²⁺, Surfactant, Acid rain

中图分类号:

X171

刘红玉, 廖柏寒, 鲁双庆. 表面活性剂、酸雨和Cd²⁺复合污染对蚕豆胚根细胞核的毒性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (3): 493-496.

LIU Hongyu, LIAO Bohan, LU Shuangqing . Toxicity of surfactant,acid rain and Cd²⁺ combined pollution to the nucleus of Vicia faba root tip cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (3): 493-496.

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表面活性剂、酸雨和Cd²⁺复合污染对蚕豆胚根细胞核的毒性

Toxicity of surfactant,acid rain and Cd²⁺ combined pollution to the nucleus of Vicia faba root tip cells

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