施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响

应用生态学报

施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响

于振文¹;梁晓芳¹;李延奇²;王雪²

¹山东农业大学农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室，山东泰安 271018；
²山东省龙口市农业技术推广中心，山东龙口 265701

收稿日期:2006-01-10 修回日期:2006-11-03 出版日期:2007-01-18 发布日期:2007-01-18

Effects of potassium application rate and time on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and potassium by winter wheat

YU Zhen-wen¹;LIANG Xiao-fang¹;LI Yan-qi²;WANG Xue²

¹Key Laboratory of Wheat Physiology and Genetics Improvement of Agriculture Ministry, Shandong
Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China;
²Center of Agricultural Technique Extension of Longkou City, Longkou 265701, Shandong, China

Received:2006-01-10 Revised:2006-11-03 Online:2007-01-18 Published:2007-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用¹⁵N示踪技术，研究了施钾量和施钾时期对高产小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响.结果表明： 0～20 cm土层土壤速效钾含量为118.5 mg·kg^-1时，一次性基施钾肥未提高植株的氮、钾积累量；速效钾含量为79.0 mg·kg^-1时，施钾显著提高了植株的氮、钾积累量.采用分期施钾时（1/2基施、1/2拔节期追施），随施钾量增加，小麦吸收的肥料氮和土壤氮量及追施氮肥在土壤中的残留量均增加，肥料氮的损失量降低.分期施钾显著提高了植株的氮、钾积累量、吸收效率和生产效率，当施钾量为135 kg·hm^-2时，与一次性施钾相比，分期施钾促进了植株对追肥氮和土壤氮的吸收，提高了追施氮肥在土壤中的残留量.结果还表明：施钾提高了小麦的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量；分期施钾处理优于一次性施钾处理，以K45+45（45 kg·hm^-2基施、45 kg·hm^-2拔节期追施）处理最优.过多施钾使小麦产量和品质趋于降低.

关键词: 黄山花楸, 遗传多样性, RAPD

Abstract: The study with ¹⁵N tracing techniques showed that basal application of K did not increase the N and K accumulation in wheat plant when the available K content in 0～20 cm soil layer was 118.5 mg·kg^-1, but increased the accumulation significantly when the soil available K content was 79.0 mg·kg^-1.When the fertilizer K was 1/2 basal-applied and 1/2 top-dressed at elongation stage, the absorbed fertilizer N and soil N by plant as well as the residual N of top-dressed N in soil were increased with increasing K application rate,while the fertilizer N loss decreased. Compared with basal application, the split application of K increased the accumulated amount, uptake efficiency, and productive efficiency of N and K significantly. When the K application rate was 135 kg·hm^-2, split application of K promoted the absorption of top-dressed and soil N by plant, and increased the residual N of top-dressed N in soil. The results also showed that K application increased the grain yield and its protein and wet gluten contents. At the same K application rate, split application had better effect than basal application, and treatment K45+45 (45 kg·hm^-2 as basal and 45 kg·hm^-2 top-dressed) showed the best effect. Applying excessive K tended to decrease wheat yield and its quality.

Key words: Sorbus amabilis, Genetic diversity, RAPD

于振文¹;梁晓芳¹;李延奇²;王雪². 施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

YU Zhen-wen¹;LIANG Xiao-fang¹;LI Yan-qi²;WANG Xue². Effects of potassium application rate and time on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and potassium by winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.

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